Table 1.
Pathogen spectrum in urosepsis, its subgroups (geographical location, sepsis severity) and other HAUTIs (MAGI, cystitis, pyelonephritis)
| Pathogen | Geographical location | Sepsis severitya,b | Clinical diagnosis | Overall urosepsis | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Europe n (%) |
Asia n (%) |
Africa n (%) |
Americas n (%) |
Simple urosepsis n (%) |
Severe urosepsis and uroseptic shock n (%) |
MAGI n (%) |
Pyelonephritis n (%) |
Cystitis n (%) |
||
| Gram negative | ||||||||||
| E. coli | 127 (41 %) | 34 (52 %) | 8 (38 %) | 5 (50 %) | 121 (46.9 %) | 29 (37.2 %) | 77 (37 %) | 190 (45 %) | 240 (43 %) | 174 (43 %) |
| Klebsiella spp. | 25 (8 %) | 8 (11 %) | 6 (29 %) | 3 (30 %) | 24 (9.3 %) | 9 (11.5 %) | 17 (8 %) | 54 (13 %) | 73 (13 %) | 42 (10 %) |
| P. aeruginosa | 39 (13 %) | 3 (5 %) | 0 | 0 | 24 (9.3 %) | 11 (14. %1) | 25 (12 %) | 34 (8 %) | 48 (9 %) | 42 (10 %) |
| Enterobacter spp. | 19 (6 %) | 2 (3 %) | 0 | 2 (20 %) | 14 (5.4 %) | 6 (7.7 %) | 13 (6 %) | 20 (5 %) | 42 (7 %) | 23 (6 %) |
| Proteus spp. | 14 (4 %) | 0 | 2 (10 %) | 0 | 7 (2.7) | 4 (5.1) | 7 (3 %) | 27 (6 %) | 34 (6 %) | 16 (4 %) |
| Acinetobacter spp. | 2 (1 %) | 5 (8 %) | 0 | 3 (1.2 %) | 3 (3.8 %) | 1 (1 %) | 6 (1 %) | 9 (2 %) | 7 (2 %) | |
| Citrobacter spp. | 3 (1 %) | 1 (2 %) | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.8 %) | 0 | 2 (1 %) | 7 (2 %) | 8 (1 %) | 4 (1 %) |
| Gram positive | ||||||||||
| Enterococcus. | 37 (12 %) | 5 (8 %) | 4 (19 %) | 0 | 27 (10.5 %) | 9 (11.5 %) | 23 (11 %) | 41 (10 %) | 55 (10 %) | 46 (11 %) |
| S. aureus | 12 (4 %) | 3 (5 %) | 0 | 0 | 12 (4.7 %) | 2 (2.6 %) | 7 (3 %) | 7 (2 %) | 18 (3 %) | 15 (4 %) |
| CoNS | 8 (3 %) | 1 (2 %) | 0 | 0 | 7 (2.7 %) | 0 | 11 (5 %) | 6 (1 %) | 9 (2 %) | 9 (2 %) |
| Other gram (+) cocci | 4 (1 %) | 0 | 1 (5 %) | 0 | 3 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (2 %) | 0 | 4 (1 %) | 5 (1 %) |
| Other bacteria | 13 (4 %) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 (3.5 %) | 3 (3.8 %) | 18 (9 %) | 21 (5 %) | 17 (3 %) | 13 (3 %) |
| Fungi | 8 (3 %) | 4 (6 %) | 0 | 0 | 5 (1.9 %) | 2 (2.6 %) | 2 (1 %) | 14 (3 %) | 7 (1 %) | 12 (3 %) |
| Total | 311 | 66 | 21 | 10 | 258 | 78 | 207 | 427 | 564 | 408 |
aSeverity of sepsis was included in the logistic regression model analysis that already included geographical region, study year and hospital type. Based on this model, severity of sepsis was found not to influence the pathogen spectrum (Likelihood ratio test [=0.342)
Geographical location was the only parameter to influence pathogen frequency (shown in previous steps)
bSepsis severity was collected after 2007