TABLE 1.
Ex vivo susceptibility of 40 Plasmodium falciparum isolates to chloroquine, quinine, monodesethylamodiaquine, mefloquine, lumefantrine, piperaquine, pyronaridine, dihydroartemisinin, artesunate, and doxycycline according to the D113N mutation in the E3 ubiquitin protein ligase genea
| Drug | Wild-type D113N (no. of isolates) |
Mutated D113N (no. of isolates) |
P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean IC50 | 95% CI | Mean IC50 | 95% CI | ||
| CQ | 75.8 nM (15) | 43.9–130.8 | 60.5 nM (25) | 40.4–89.3 | 0.3909 |
| QN | 116.2 nM (15) | 64.6–209.0 | 71.4 nM (24) | 42.0–121.2 | 0.4188 |
| DQ | 23.5 nM (15) | 12.0–46.2 | 17.1 nM (25) | 10.2–28.7 | 0.4178 |
| MQ | 22.4 nM (14) | 15.3–32.8 | 27.5 nM (25) | 19.0–39.8 | 0.2887 |
| LMF | 6.6 nM (15) | 3.3–13.6 | 5.7 nM (25) | 3.3–9.8 | 0.6711 |
| PPQ | 34.5 nM (13) | 27.1–43.9 | 37.7 nM (25) | 23.0–61.9 | 0.5827 |
| PND | 10.3 nM (13) | 7.6–13.9 | 9.7 nM (20) | 5.8–16.2 | 0.6717 |
| DHA | 1.6 nM (14) | 0.9–2.7 | 1.4 nM (25) | 0.7–2.6 | 0.9883 |
| AS | 3.3 nM (13) | 1.9–5.7 | 2.2 nM (19) | 1.2–4.1 | 0.2872 |
| DOX | 12.2 μM (14) | 6.7–22.3 | 13.6 μM (25) | 8.4–22.1 | 0.6539 |
a
CQ, chloroquine; QN, quinine; DQ, monodesethylamodiaquine; MQ, mefloquine; LMF, lumefantrine; PPQ, piperaquine; PND, pyronaridine; DHA, dihydroartemisinin; AS, artesunate; DOX, doxycycline; mean IC50, geometric mean 50% inhibitory concentration; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval. P values were determined by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.