TABLE 2.
Serum and tissue PK, MK4, and detectable long-chain MK concentrations of male and female mice fed a vitamin K control or vitamin K–deficient diet for 28 d1
| Deficient diet |
Control diet |
P |
||||||||
| Tissue | Vitamin K form | Male | Female | P | Male | Female | P | Sex | Diet | Sex × diet interaction |
| Serum, pmol/mL | PK | ND | ND | — | 0.80 ± 0.2 | 0.90 ± 0.2 | 0.88 | 0.91 | <0.01† | 0.91 |
| MK4 | ND | ND | — | ND | ND | — | — | — | — | |
| Liver, pmol/g | PK | 8.3 ± 2.1 | 15.4 ± 3.9 | 0.04 | 26.0 ± 6.5 | 51.0 ± 12.7 | <0.01* | <0.01† | <0.01† | <0.01† |
| MK4 | ND | ND | — | 1.25 ± 0.3 | 10.8 ± 2.7 | <0.01* | <0.01† | <0.01† | <0.01† | |
| MK9 | 33.1 ± 8.3 | 5.8 ± 1.4 | 0.05 | 37.1 ± 9.3 | 15.8 ± 3.9 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 0.48 | 0.72 | |
| MK10 | 60.8 ± 15.2 | 40.8 ± 10.2 | 0.24 | 57.3 ± 14.3 | 68.8 ± 17.2 | 0.50 | 0.72 | 0.31 | 0.19 | |
| MK11 | 351 ± 87.8 | 200 ± 49.9 | 0.02 | 244 ± 60.9 | 401 ± 100 | 0.01* | 0.95 | 0.28 | <0.01† | |
| Kidney, pmol/g | PK | ND | ND | — | 3.3 ± 0.8 | 5.6 ± 1.4 | <0.01* | <0.01† | <0.01† | <0.01† |
| MK4 | 2.0 ± 0.5 | 10.4 ± 2.6 | <0.01* | 16.3 ± 4.1 | 122 ± 30.6 | <0.01* | <0.01† | <0.01† | <0.01† | |
| MK9 | 32.6 ± 8.1 | 18.2 ± 4.5 | 0.13 | 50.2 ± 12.6 | 19.2 ± 4.8 | 0.01* | <0.01† | 0.17 | 0.22 | |
| MK10 | 26.5 ± 6.6 | 15.1 ± 3.8 | 0.22 | 34.7 ± 8.7 | 27.8 ± 7.0 | 0.46 | 0.17 | 0.12 | 0.73 | |
| MK11 | 48.3 ± 12.1 | 28.9 ± 7.2 | 0.02 | 52.2 ± 13.1 | 25.0 ± 6.2 | <0.01* | <0.01† | 0.99 | 0.48 | |
| Brain, pmol/g | PK | ND | ND | — | ND | ND | — | — | — | — |
| MK4 | 12.3 ± 3.1 | 19.5 ± 4.9 | 0.19 | 27.2 ± 6.8 | 111 ± 27.7 | <0.01* | <0.01† | <0.01† | <0.01† | |
| Mesenteric adipose tissue, pmol/g | PK | 3.75 ± 0.9 | 7.0 ± 1.8 | 0.29 | 10.1 ± 2.5 | 25.0 ± 6.2 | <0.01* | <0.01† | <0.01† | 0.01† |
| MK4 | 6.75 ± 1.7 | 8.4 ± 2.1 | 0.72 | 10.2 ± 2.5 | 44.4 ± 11.1 | <0.01* | <0.01† | <0.01† | <0.01† | |
| Pancreas, pmol/g | PK | 12.1 ± 3.0 | 26.2 ± 6.4 | 0.02 | 14.5 ± 3.6 | 36.1 ± 9.0 | <0.01* | <0.01† | 0.05 | 0.25 |
| MK4 | 40.6 ± 10.1 | 46.7 ± 11.7 | 0.89 | 127 ± 31.7 | 337 ± 84.3 | <0.01* | <0.01† | <0.01† | <0.01† | |
1
Values are means ± SEMs, n = 16 mice/group. Concentration was below lower limit of detection for PK and MK4 (0.01 pmol/g) by use of an HPLC assay. *Significant difference in Tukey’s honestly significant difference test between male and female mice within diet group at P < 0.01 adjusted α level. †Significant test within the ANOVA model for specific tissue and vitamin K form at P < 0.01 adjusted significance level. MK, menaquinone; ND, nondetectable; PK, phylloquinone.