. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jul 24.

Published in final edited form as: Genet Epidemiol. 2015 Oct 23;39(8):635–650. doi: 10.1002/gepi.21930

Table I.

Description of simulation scenarios. k: total number of traits, k₁: number of associated traits. In tables X-XIII, since the third and the fourth traits are not associated with the QTL, we impose (a₃, b₃) = (a₄, b₄) = (0, 0) in each of choices 1-4.

trait-specific QTL effects and heritabilities
Tables	(k, k₁)	choice 1	choice2	choice 3	choice 4
X	(4,2)	a₁=1.0, b₁=0.0	a₁=1.0, b₁=0.0	a₁=1.0, b₁=0.0	a₁=1.0, b₁=0.0
		a₂=1.0, b₂=0.0	a₂=2.0, b₂=0.0	a₂=1.0, b₂=0.5	a₂=–1.0, b₂=0.0
		$h_{1}^{2} = 0.5 %, h_{2}^{2} = 0.5 %$	$h_{1}^{2} = 0.5 %, h_{2}^{2} = 1 %$	$h_{1}^{2} = 0.5 %, h_{2}^{2} = 0.5 %$	$h_{1}^{2} = 0.5 %, h_{2}^{2} = 0.5 %$

XI	(4,2)	same as Table X	same as Table X	same as Table X	same as Table X

XII	(4,2)	In Table X, first	continuous trait	is converted to	a binary trait

XIII	(4,2)	In Table XI, first	continuous trait	is converted to	a binary trait

XIV	(4,4)	a₁=1.0, b₁=0.0	a₁=1.0, b₁=0.0	a₁=1.0, b₁=0.0	a₁=1.0, b₁=0.0
		a₂=1.0, b₂=0.0	a₂=2.0, b₂=0.0	a₂=1.0, b₂=0.5	a₂=–1.0, b₂=0.0
		a₃=1.0, b₃=0.0	a₃=1.0, b₃=0.0	a₃=1.0, b₃=0.0	a₃=1.0, b₃=0.0
		a₄=1.0, b₄=0.0	a₄=2.0, b₄=0.0	a₄=1.0, b₄=0.5	a₄=–1.0, b₄=0.0
		$h_{1}^{2} = 0.5 %, h_{2}^{2} = 0.5 %$	$h_{1}^{2} = 0.5 %, h_{2}^{2} = 1 %$	$h_{1}^{2} = 0.5 %, h_{2}^{2} = 0.5 %$	$h_{1}^{2} = 0.5 %, h_{2}^{2} = 0.5 %$
		$h_{3}^{2} = 0.5 %, h_{4}^{2} = 0.5 %$	$h_{3}^{2} = 0.5 %, h_{4}^{2} = 1 %$	$h_{3}^{2} = 0.5 %, h_{4}^{2} = 0.5 %$	$h_{3}^{2} = 0.5 %, h_{4}^{2} = 0.5 %$