Table 1.
Characteristics of the Jackson Heart Study Cohort and Participants with Normal Pattern, Concentric Remodeling, Eccentric Hypertrophy, and Concentric Hypertrophy Included in the Current Analyses
| Overall Cohort (n=4,721) | Normal Pattern (n=3,774) | Concentric Remodeling (n=558) | Eccentric Hypertrophy (n=204) | Concentric Hypertrophy (n=185) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic Characteristics | |||||
| Age, years | 55.7 ± 12.7 | 54.3 ± 12.6 | 59.9 ± 11.7 | 63.1 ± 10.8 | 64.1 ± 10.4 |
| Female Sex, % | 64.1 | 64.5 | 54.1 | 75.5 | 74.1 |
| Education < HS, % | 20.2 | 17.8 | 26.3 | 34.8 | 35.1 |
| Clinical Characteristics | |||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 31.8 ± 7.2 | 31.6 ± 7.3 | 32.5 ± 7.1 | 31.6 ± 6.6 | 32.5 ± 6.6 |
| Diabetes, % | 22.4 | 20.1 | 30.1 | 29.5 | 37.7 |
| Fasting Glucose, mg/dL | 99.8 ± 32.0 | 98.2 ± 29.0 | 106.8 ± 45.4 | 105.1 ± 38.4 | 106.9 ± 30.9 |
| Hemoglobin A1c, % | 6.0 ± 1.3 | 5.9 ± 1.2 | 6.3 ± 1.5 | 6.2 ± 1.5 | 6.3 ± 1.3 |
| Total Cholesterol, mg/dL | 199.1 ± 39.8 | 198.2 ± 39.0 | 202.0 ± 41.9 | 203.6 ± 42.3 | 204.6 ± 44.8 |
| LDL, mg/dL | 126.2 ± 36.2 | 125.7 ± 36.0 | 128.8 ± 37.8 | 126.4 ± 36.4 | 126.8 ± 37.0 |
| HDL, mg/dL | 52.0 ± 14.7 | 51.9 ± 14.5 | 50.1 ± 15.3 | 55.6 ± 15.9 | 54.4 ± 15.0 |
| eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 7.6 | 6.1 | 11.0 | 17.1 | 18.9 |
| Health Behaviors | |||||
| Alcohol consumption, % | 44.5 | 45.8 | 43.7 | 36.3 | 30.6 |
| Current Smoking, % | 12.7 | 12.6 | 10.3 | 16.7 | 16.4 |
| Total Physical activity score | 8.3 ± 2.6 | 8.5 ± 2.6 | 8.0 ± 2.6 | 7.5 ± 2.6 | 7.3 ± 2.7 |
| Blood pressure measures | |||||
| Mean clinic SBP, mmHg | 127.1 ± 18.3 | 125.1 ± 17.1 | 132.8 ± 19.9 | 136.9 ± 21.8 | 139.6 ± 21.1 |
| Mean clinic DBP, mmHg | 78.7 ± 10.5 | 78.5 ± 10.2 | 80.4 ± 11.5 | 78.5 ± 11.8 | 78.9 ± 11.8 |
| Antihypertensive medication use, % | 48.7 | 44.9 | 62.0 | 62.3 | 71.9 |
| Class of Antihypertensive Medication | |||||
| Diuretics | 65.6 | 66.0 | 62.4 | 67.7 | 66.2 |
| Beta-blocker | 23.7 | 22.8 | 23.4 | 31.5 | 27.8 |
| Calcium Channel Blockers | 40.4 | 38.4 | 44.5 | 44.9 | 51.1 |
| ACE-I | 39.7 | 38.7 | 43.9 | 44.9 | 36.8 |
| ARBs | 17.7 | 18.0 | 17.6 | 14.2 | 18.1 |
| Prevalent hypertension, % | 60.2 | 55.8 | 74.6 | 76.0 | 88.1 |
| Echocardiographic measures | |||||
| Interventricular septum thickness in diastole, mm | 9.1 ± 1.9 | 8.6 ± 1.2 | 10.4 ± 1.4 | 10.7 ± 1.4 | 12.9 ± 5.4 |
| Left ventricular internal dimension in diastole, mm | 48.5 ± 4.6 | 48.6 ± 4.0 | 44.4 ± 3.9 | 56.1 ± 6.0 | 49.0 ± 4.5 |
| Posterior wall thickness in diastole, mm | 8.6 ± 1.7 | 8.1 ± 1.0 | 10.4 ± 1.0 | 9.7 ± 1.2 | 12.6 ± 3.5 |
| Relative wall thickness | 0.36 ± 0.08 | 0.33 ± 0.04 | 0.47 ± 0.05 | 0.35 ± 0.05 | 0.52 ± 0.15 |
| Left ventricular mass index (g/m2) | 75.0 ± 24.0 | 69.5 ± 13.6 | 78.7 ± 14.7 | 117.7 ± 20.8 | 129.5 ± 65.0 |
Data are expressed as percentage or mean ± SD
ACE-I=angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, ARBs=angiotensin II receptor blockers, DBP= diastolic blood pressure, eGFR= estimated glomerular filtration ratio, HDL= high density lipoprotein, HS= high school, LDL= low density lipoprotein, SBP=systolic blood pressure
LVH: left ventricular hypertrophy, LVMI: left ventricular mass index, RWT: relative wall thickness
LVH is defined as increased LVMI ≥ 96 g/m2 in females and ≥ 116 g/m2 in males. Normal LVMI is defined as < 96 g/m2 in females and < 116 g/m2 in males. Increased RWT is defined as RWT > 0.42. Normal RWT is defined as RWT ≤ 0.42.
Normal pattern is defined as: normal LVMI and normal RWT.
Concentric remodeling is defined as: normal LVMI and increased RWT.
Eccentric hypertrophy is defined as: LVH and normal RWT.
Concentric hypertrophy is defined as: LVH and increased RWT.