TABLE 3.
Common Commercially Available Fluorophores and Their Properties
| Fluorophore | Maximum Excitation (nm) | Maximum Emission (nm) | Extinction Coefficient (cm−1M−1) | Quantum Yield | Approximate Costper Milligram ($)a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Pacific blue | 416 | 451 | 46,000 | 0.75 | 50 |
| Alexa Fluor 488b | 494 | 517 | 73,000 | 0.92 | 250 |
| FITC | 492 | 518 | 75,000 | 0.92 | 0.5 |
| Alexa Fluor 532b | 530 | 555 | 81,000 | 0.61 | 250 |
| Cy3 | 555 | 570 | 150,000 | 0.31 | 20–100 |
| Cy3.5 | 591 | 604 | 116,000 | 0.35 | 20–100 |
| Cy5 | 646 | 662 | 250,000 | 0.2 | 20–100 |
| Cy5.5 | 673 | 707 | 209,000 | 0.2 | 20–100 |
| Cy7 | 750 | 773 | 199,000 | 0.3 | 20–100 |
| Cy7.5 | 788 | 808 | 223,000 | 20–100 | |
Note—FITC = fluorescein isothiocyanate, Cy = cyanine.
a
Common suppliers include Thermo Fisher, Sigma-Aldrich, Lumiprobe, Click Chemistry Tools, Cyandye, and BioActs.
b
Molecular Probes.