Table 1.
Overall cohort characteristics
| Characteristic | N(%), Med (IQR) |
|---|---|
| Patient/Pre-operative | |
| Age, days | 13 (5–129) |
| Neonate (0–30 days) | 110 (57%) |
| Infant (1 mo – 1 year) | 57 (30%) |
| Child (1 – 18 years) | 24 (13%) |
| Weight for age z-score | |
| < −2 | 81 (42%) |
| −2 to +2 | 108 (57%) |
| >2 | 2 (1%) |
| Hospital | |
| Philadelphia | 95 (50%) |
| Michigan | 96 (50%) |
| Non-cardiac abnormalities | |
| Genetic abnormality | 18 (9%) |
| Extracardiac anomaly | 35 (18%) |
| Syndrome | 39 (20%) |
| Prematurity (<39 weeks gestational age) if neonate | 71/110 (65%) |
| 37–39 weeks | 40 (36%) |
| <37 weeks | 31 (28%) |
| Pre-operative risk factors | |
| Cardiac arrest | 4 (2%) |
| Pre-op MCS | 2 (1%) |
| Shock at surgery | 1 (1%) |
| Shock, resolved | 10 (5%) |
| Mechanical ventilation | 51 (27%) |
| Previous cardiothoracic surgery | 38 (20%) |
| Pre-operative non-surgical intervention during hospitalization | 38 (20%) |
| Operative | |
| STAT category (or score) | |
| 1 | 4 (2%) |
| 2 | 23 (12%) |
| 3 | 28 (15%) |
| 4 | 83 (43%) |
| 5 | 45 (24%) |
| Unassignable | 8 (4%) |
| Primary procedure (groups) | |
| Hypoplastic left heart and related | 44 (23%) |
| Palliative procedures | 27 (14%) |
| Right heart lesions | 20 (10%) |
| Thoracic arteries/veins | 17 (9%) |
| Pulmonary venous anomalies | 14 (7%) |
| Septal defects | 14 (7%) |
| Transposition of the great arteries | 12 (6%) |
| Other single ventricle | 11 (6%) |
| Left heart lesions | 9 (5%) |
| Ventricular assist device | 9 (5%) |
| Truncus arteriosus | 4 (2%) |
| Double outlet right ventricle | 3 (2%) |
| Conduit operations | 2 (1%) |
| Electrophysiological | 2 (1%) |
| Pericardial disease | 1 (1%) |
| Thoracic and mediastinal disease | 1 (1%) |
| Miscellaneous procedures | 1 (1%) |
| Primary procedure | |
| Single ventricle, with arch involvement | 43 (23%) |
| Single ventricle, no arch involvement | 34 (18%) |
| Two ventricle, with arch involvement | 14 (7%) |
| Two ventricle, no arch involvement | 100 (52%) |
| Cardiopulmonary bypass time, minutes | 106 (73–158) |
MCS, mechanical circulatory support; STAT, Society of Thoracic Surgeons-European Association for Cardiothoracic Surgery