T cell profiling of SPL, MLN, PLN and PP from NOD prenatally-treated with neomycin or vancomycin at 4-5 weeks of age. Lymphocytes were gated on CD4+ or CD8+ and the expression of surface or ICC markers was examined. (A) Naïve and Memory CD4 T cells. (B) IL17-expressing CD4 T cells. (C) IFNγ-expressing CD8 T cells. (D): TNFα-expressing CD8 T cells. Representative FACS plots from PLN. ns: not significant, *: P<0.05, **: P<0.01, ***: P<0.001 (Student’s t-test).