Table 1.
Characteristics of bladder cancer cases and control subjects
| Cases (n=13,440) | Controls (n=52,421) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age at index date, median, y (IQR) | 73.2 (64.9–80.1) | 72.8 (64.5–79.9) |
| Male sex (%) | 9,792 (72.8) | 38,170 (72.8) |
| Duration of follow-up, median, y (IQR) a | 6.0 (3.0–9.0) | 6.0 (3.0–9.0) |
| Cigarette smoking history (%) | ||
| Never | 5,768 (42.9) | 29,665 (56.6) |
| Ever | 7,672 (57.1) | 22,756 (43.4) |
| Recurrent bladder infections (%) b | 1,466 (10.9) | 2,414 (4.6) |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 1,836 (13.7) | 5,626 (10.7) |
| Obesity [BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2] (%) | 2,611 (19.4) | 9,160 (17.5) |
| Chronic NSAID or ASA use (%)c | 2683 (20%) | 9,441 (18.0) |
| Metformin use (%) | 849 (6.3) | 2,702 (5.2) |
| Insulin use (%) | 256 (1.9) | 669 (1.3) |
| Use of other diabetes drugs (%) | 711 (5.3) | 2068 (3.9) |
| Itraconazole use (%) | 86 (0.6) | 354 (0.7) |
| Duration of therapy, median, w (IQR) | 4.0 (2.0–4.3) | 4.0 (1.1–5.0) |
| Use of other azoles (%) | 686 (5.1) | 2,368(4.5) |
| Duration of therapy, median, w (IQR) | 8.0 (4.0–14.0) | 6.0 (4.0–12.0) |
| Prior cancerd | 1,021 (7.6) | 2,306 (4.4) |
SD, standard deviation; y, years; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; w, weeks; IQR, inter-quartile range.
a
Before index date
b
More than 2 urinary tract infections
c
Cumulative duration of therapy more than 1 year
d
Prior history of breast, lung, colon, or prostate cancer