Table 2.
Association of treatment with itraconazole and other azoles compared to no azole treatment and risk of bladder cancer (cases=13,440, controls=52,421)
| Cases N (%) | Controls N (%) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR a (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Never exposed to an azole | 12,668 | 49,699 | Reference | Reference |
|
| ||||
| Ever exposed to itraconazole b | 86 (0.7) | 354 (0.7) | 0.97 (0.76–1.23) | 0.89 (0.70–1.14) |
| Number of itraconazole prescriptions | ||||
| 1 course | 56 (0.4) | 210(0.4) | 1.07 (0.79–1.44) | 0.96 (0.71–1.30) |
| 2–3 courses | 21 (0.2) | 102 (0.2) | 0.81 (0.50–1.29) | 0.75 (0.46–1.22) |
| ≥4 courses | 9 (0.1) | 42 (0.1) | 0.84 (0.41–1.72) | 0.87 (0.42–1.81) |
| Ever exposed to other azoles b | 686 (5.1) | 2,368 (4.6) | 1.15 (1.05–1.26) | 1.06 (0.97–1.16) |
| Number of other azole prescriptions | ||||
| 1 course | 340 (2.5) | 1233 (2.4) | 1.09 (0.97–1.24) | 1.01 (0.89–1.14) |
| 2–3 courses | 195 (1.5) | 653 (1.3) | 1.18 (1.00–1.39) | 1.10 (0.93–1.30) |
| ≥4 courses | 151 (1.1) | 482 (0.9) | 1.25 (1.04–1.51) | 1.15 (0.95–1.39) |
a
Conditional logistic regression adjusted for smoking (ever vs never), obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2), diabetes mellitus, use of diabetes medications (metformin, insulin, or thiazolidinediones), chronic use of aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (>1 year), and recurrent bladder infections.
b
Receipt of at least one prescription for itraconazole or other azoles at least one year before the index date