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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Urol. 2016 Jan 23;196(2):343–348. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.01.089

Table 3.

Association of itraconazole treatment compared to other azoles and risk of bladder cancer (cases=772, controls=2,722)

Cases N (%) Controls N (%) Adjusted OR a (95% CI) Fully-Adjusted OR b (95% CI)
Ever exposed to other azoles c 686 2368 Reference Reference

Ever exposed to itraconazole c 86 (11.1) 354 (13.0) 0.84 (0.65–1.08) 0.84 (0.65–1.09)
Number of itraconazole prescriptions
 1 course 56 (7.2) 210(7.7) 0.97 (0.71–1.34) 0.96 (0.70–1.33)
 2–3 courses 21 (2.7) 102 (3.7) 0.75 (0.46–1.22) 0.75 (0.46–1.22)
 > 4 courses 9 (1.2) 42 (1.6) 0.78 (0.38–1.62) 0.84 (0.40–1.75)
a

Logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, calendar period, and duration of follow-up.

b

Logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, calendar period, duration of follow-up, and smoking (ever vs never), obesity (body mass index ≥30), diabetes mellitus, use of diabetes medications (metformin, insulin, or thiazolidinediones), chronic use of aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (>1 year), and recurrent bladder infections.

c

Receipt of at least one prescription for itraconazole or other azoles at least one year before the index date