Table 5.
Association of itraconazole treatment compared to other azoles and risk of bladder cancer requiring cystectomy among patients diagnosed with bladder cancer (cases=56, controls=716)
| Cases N (%) | Controls N (%) | Adjusted OR a (95% CI) | Fully-Adjusted OR b (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ever exposed to other azoles c | 43 | 643 | Reference | Reference |
|
| ||||
| Ever exposed to itraconazole c | 13 (23.2) | 73 (10.2) | 2.16 (1.07–4.36) | 2.30 (1.12–4.72) |
| Number of itraconazole prescriptions | ||||
| 1 course | 8 (14.3) | 48 (6.7) | 2.18 (0.88–5.38) | 2.25 (0.90–5.64) |
| ≥2 courses | 5 (8.9) | 25 (3.5) | 2.28 (0.74–7.00) | 2.43 (0.76–7.80) |
a
Logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, calendar period, and duration of follow-up.
b
Logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, calendar period duration of follow-up, and smoking (ever vs never), obesity (body mass index (≥30), diabetes mellitus, use of diabetes medications (metformin, insulin, or thiazolidinediones), chronic use of aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (>1 year), and recurrent bladder infections.
c
Receipt of at least one prescription for itraconazole or other azoles at least one year before the index date