Table 3. Predictive factors for invasive adenocarcinoma on logistic regression analysis.

Variables	HR	95% CI	P value
Univariate analysis
Age	1.007	0.957–1.060	0.787
Sex (female)	1.118	0.368–3.399	0.844
Smoking history	0.384	0.080–1.857	0.234
Interval to surgery (days)	0.976	0.935–1.020	0.281
FEV1 (%)	1.015	0.980–1.051	0.412
DLCO (%)	1.029	0.987–1.074	0.182
Central location	2.000	0.170–23.461	0.581
GGO size	9.584	2.870–31.999	<0.001
Pleural retraction	18.200	4.925–67.259	<0.001
Multiple GGO	0.495	0.101–2.426	0.386
CEA	0.890	0.572–1.385	0.606
SUVmax	1.802	0.880–3.693	0.108
Pleural adhesion	0.796	0.200–3.162	0.746
Multivariate analysis
GGO size	9.016	1.829–44.440	0.007
Pleural retraction	12.977	3.086–54.566	<0.001

HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; DLCO, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide; GGO, ground glass opacity; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; SUV_max, maximum standardized uptake value.