Table 3.

Participants’ attitude scores in pretest and posttest

Items *	Participants’ attitude #	Students’ Medical Ethics Rounds topics
		Medical errors (%)	Informed consent (%)	Medical education (%)	Conflict of interest (%)	End-of-life issues (%)	Total of rounds (%)
Pretest	Negative	47.2	18.1	56.3	40.3	64.4	42.3
	Positive	52.8	81.9	43.7	59.7	35.6	57.7
Posttest	Negative	28.1	11	43.6	10.9	47.1	25.4
	Positive	71.9	89	56.4	89.1	52.9	74.6
Difference	P-value†	< 0.00001	0.08	0.143	< 0.00001	< 0.00001	< 0.00001

^* These items enquire into the participants’ attitude regarding the topic of each SMER. English translations of them are provided in supplementary material.

^# The participants’ responses were, first, obtained using a 5-point Likert scale, then, transformed to this binomial scale for convenience. In addition, we summed the total responses (true/false) of all knowledge questions.