Figure 3. The production of IL-1Ra, IL-10, and IL-4 after challenge with Sphingomonas paucimobilis in the presence and absence of dietary fibers.

DCs and Caco-2 cells were pretreated with S. paucimobilis for 24 h, and then incubated another 24 hours with dietary fibers. Culture supernatants were collected, and the cytokine levels were assessed by Luminex. The data shown are the means and SEM of four different experiments. Differences between S. paucimobilis stimulation compared to the controls (non-stimulated IECs/DCs) were considered statistically significant when the p values were less than 0.05, and were denoted with *. Differences between DCs-IECs treated with S. paucimobilis, and DCs-IECs stimulated with S. paucimobilis and dietary fibers were indicated with a pound sign (#).