Table 1.

Post vaccination geometric mean (mean ± SD) antibody titers of chickens increased over time by booster vaccination with disparity in titer between vaccine carrier types used

Vaccine carrier type	Post vaccination GM ± SD HI antibody titer (log2) chickens vaccinated by different methods at different ages in days (N = 15)
	Day 28	Day 49	Day 77	Day 105	Day 119	Day 126
Naive	<1f	<1ab	<1g	<1d	<1c	no
NDI2 in water	3.2 ± 0.6 (15)a	5.7 ± 1.6 (15)c	4.7 ± 0.9 (15)ac	3.6 ± 0.9 (14)ab	7.1 ± 2.4 (14)a	no
Untreated Wheat	1.6 ± 1.0 (15)b	2.4 ± 1.5 (15)d	1.8 ± 1.3 (15)bd	1.7 ± 0.9 (14)e	3.3 ± 1.2 (14)f	no
Parboiled Wheat	2.3 ± 0.7 (15)b	2.6 ± 1.1 (15)d	2.1 ± 0.8 (15)bd	1.9 ± 0.8 (14)e	4.5 ± 2.1 (14)f	no
Cracked Wheat	2.3 ± 1.0 (15)b	2.4 ± 1.1 (15)d	2.1 ± 1.4 (15)bd	2.0 ± 0.7 (14)e	3.3 ± 1.8 (14)f	no
Untreated Sorghum	1.4 ± 0.6 (15)f	2.2 ± 0.8 (15)d	1.8 ± 0.8 (15)bd	1.4 ± 0.8 (15)e	2.4 ± 1.5 (15)ed	no
Parboiled Sorghum	2.1 ± 0.7 (15)b	2.7 ± 0.8 (15)d	2.4 ± 0.9 (15)bd	1.5 ± 0.9 (15)e	4.4 ± 1.9 (15)f	no
Cracked Sorghum	1.2 ± 1.0 (15)f	1.6 ± 1.1 (14)d	1.1 ± 0.9 (14)bd	0.4 ± 0.5 (14)gb	1.9 + 1.0 (14)ed	no
Untreated Millet	1.3 ± 0.8 (15)b	2.4 ± 0.5 (13)d	2.3 ± 0.7 (13)bd	1.7 ± 0.8 (12)e	2.4 ± 1.8 (12)ed	no
Parboiled Millet	1.4 ± 1.3 (15)b	2.4 ± 0.9 (15)d	2.3 ± 0.8 (15)bd	2.1 ± 0.9 (15)e	3.2 ± 2.0 (15)f	no
Cracked millet	1.3 ± 0.5 (15)f	1.5 ± 0.6 (15)d	1.3 ± 1.0 (15)bd	2.1 ± 0.9 (15)e	2.5 ± 0.8 (14)ed	no
Cracked Barely	1.6 ± 1.2 (15)b	2.4 ± 0.6 (15)d	1.7 ± 0.9 (15)bd	1.5 ± 0.9 (15)e	no	2.5 ± 1.4 (15)ed
Parboiled barely	3.0 ± 1.3 (15)a	3.7 ± 1.9 (15)ab	3.6 ± 1.0 (15)e	2.4 ± 1.2 (15)fc	no	5.1 ± 2.0 (15)g
Untreated Barely	1.7 ± 1.0 (15)b	2.5 ± 1.3 (15)d	2.4 ± 1.0 (15)bd	2.0 ± 1.0 (15)d	no	2.8 ± 1.8 (15)ed
Cracked Maize	3.2 ± 1.2 (15)a	4.2. ± 2.1 (15)ab	3.9 ± 1.6 (15)ac	2.7 ± 1.1 (15)fc	no	6.8 ± 1.4 (15)g

Means with the same letters in the same column are not significantly different at 0.05 confidence level, “no” = sera not collected