Relative dispersal (A and B), growth (C and D), and degradation (E and F) of P. putida KT2440-gfp for the different ΔΨo (A, C, and E) and ΔΨm (B, D, and F) values in the presence (triangles) and absence (circles) of dispersal networks, as determined by AUC calculation (see Material and Methods for details). Dispersal was measured microscopically by following the colony expansion based on the GFP signal in the single wells every 30 min for 24 h. Growth and degradation were assessed by the increase in the number of CFU per milliliter and the decrease in benzoate concentration after 6, 24, 30, and 48 h. Performance is given as the AUC relative to the AUC for the control (ΔΨw = 0 MPa) without dispersal networks.