FIG 5.

Binding of HuNoV VLPs to α-1,2-fucose of lettuce hemicellulose. (A) HuNoV VLP binding to commercial plant polysaccharides. Commercial plant polysaccharides, including lettuce xylan, were suspended in PBS (pH 7.4) at 0.2 μg/ml and used to coat ELISA plates. For cellulase R-10 digestion, 1 μg/μl enzyme was added to the ELISA plates and incubated at 37°C for 30 min. Porcine gastric mucin (PGM) was used as a positive control (50 ng/well). Error bars indicate standard deviations, and significance was determined by one-way ANOVA. (B) HuNoV VLPs bound to fucose of extracted lettuce hemicellulose. For fucose digestion, 20 U of α-1,2-fucosidase was added to the wells and incubated at 37°C for 1 h. Error bars indicate standard deviations, and significance was determined by one-way Student's t test. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001. Each sample was assayed in triplicate.