Table 5. Risk Factors for Prediabetes and T2D: Criteria for Testing for Diabetes in Asymptomatic Adults.

Age ≥45 years without other risk factors

CVD or family history of T2D

Overweight or obesea

Sedentary lifestyle

Member of an at-risk racial or ethnic group: Asian, African American, Hispanic, Native American (Alaska Natives and American Indians), or Pacific Islander

HDL-C <35 mg/dL (0.90 mmol/L) and/or a triglyceride level >250 mg/dL (2.82 mmol/L)

IGT, IFG, and/or metabolic syndrome

PCOS, acanthosis nigricans, NAFLD

Hypertension (BP >140/90 mm Hg or on therapy for hypertension)

History of gestational diabetes or delivery of a baby weighing more than 4 kg (9 lb)

Antipsychotic therapy for schizophrenia and/or severe bipolar disease

Chronic glucocorticoid exposure

Sleep disorders in the presence of glucose intolerance (A1C >5.7%, IGT, or IFG on previous testing), including OSA, chronic sleep deprivation, and night-shift occupation

Abbreviations: A1C = hemoglobin A1C; BP = blood pressure; CVD = cardiovascular disease; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IFG = impaired fasting glucose; IGT = impaired glucose tolerance; NAFLD = nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; OSA = obstructive sleep apnea; PCOS = polycystic ovary syndrome.

^aTesting should be considered in all adults who are obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m²), and those who are overweight (BMI 25 to <30 kg/m²) and have additional risk factors. At-risk BMI may be lower in some ethnic groups, in whom parameters such as waist circumference and other factors may be used.