FIG 5.

Effect of copy number variations of cdt-1 and gh1-1 in episomal plasmids on cellobiose fermentation capability of engineered S. cerevisiae CEN.PK2-1D. The effects of increasing episomal plasmids with cdt-1 (CEN-C2B1 and CEN-C3B1; solid arrow) and gh1-1 (CEN-C1B2 and CEN-C1B3; dashed arrow) in YP medium containing 80 g/liter of cellobiose were compared to those obtained with engineered S. cerevisiae CEN-C1B1. The initial cell density was adjusted to 0.029 g/liter, and all fermentations were performed under oxygen-limited conditions. The results are the means from duplicate experiments, and the error bars indicate standard deviations.