Antibacterial activities of glycylthricin and acetyl-glycylthricin. (A) rOrf11 was incubated with Gly-tRNAGly and streptothrisamine, producing glycylthricin. (B) rOrf11 was incubated with RNase, Gly-tRNAGly, and streptothrisamine, producing no compound (control). (C) The rOrf11 product (glycylthricin) was incubated with rOrf1-SAT and acetyl-CoA, producing acetyl-glycylthricin. The antibiotic activities of the reaction mixtures (50 μl) were investigated by paper disk assay using E. coli W3110.