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. 2016 Jun 30;82(14):4441–4452. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00807-16

FIG 5.

FIG 5

cspV regulates biofilm formation. (A) Biofilm gene expression in the ΔcspV mutant compared with wild-type V. cholerae 1 h after a shift from 37°C to 15°C by qRT-PCR. All genes exhibited a statistically significant difference between the ΔcspV mutant and the wild type at 15°C (*,P < 0.05). Error bars indicate standard deviations of the results from four biological replicates. (B) Three-dimensional biofilm structures of wild-type V. cholerae and the strain lacking cspV formed at 25 and 15°C after 24 h of incubation. The images shown are from one representative experiment of three independent experiments. Scale bars represent 40 μm. (C) c-di-GMP levels in the ΔcspV mutant and wild-type V. cholerae grown at 37°C and then shifted to 15°C for 1 h. (A and C) Error bars indicate standard deviations of the results from four biological replicates. *, P < 0.05; n.s., not significantly different (P > 0.05).