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CspV impacts attachment to live D. magna. (A) SEM images showing the wild type and ΔcspV mutant attached to D. magna. Scale bars represent 5 μM. (B and C) Analysis of the abilities of wild-type V. cholerae, the ΔmshA mutant, and the ΔcspV mutant to colonize D. magna (B) and survive in ADaM (C). Error bars indicate standard deviations of results from eight biological replicates. *, P < 0.05; n.s., P > 0.05.
