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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Compr Psychiatry. 2016 Feb 10;66:176–186. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.02.001

Table 1.

12-month suicidal ideation among currently employed persons aged 18–64, by occupation, socio- demographic characteristics, health status, and mental health status: annual average percentages and unadjusted relative risks, 2008–2013 NSDUH (n = 184,300).

Covariates Study sample characteristics distribution weighted, % (SE) Prevalence of suicidal ideation (SE) Unadjusted relative risk 95% CI
Total 100 (0.00) 3.5 (0.07)
Occupation
 1. Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 0.7 (0.04) 1.3 (0.28) 1.0
 2. Engineers, architects, and surveyors 1.7 (0.06) 1.7 (0.39) 1.3 (0.70–2.34)
 3. Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations 9.7 (0.13) 2.3 (0.18) 1.7 (1.11–2.67)
 4. Mathematical and computer scientists 3.0 (0.08) 2.4 (0.32) 1.8 (1.09–2.87)
 5. Food preparation occupation (machine operators) 0.4 (0.02) 2.4 (0.54) 1.8 (0.97–3.28)
 6. Physical scientists 0.6 (0.03) 2.4 (0.68) 1.8 (0.92–3.63)
 7. Health diagnosing and treating practitioners 3.8 (0.08) 2.5 (0.32) 1.9 (1.15–2.99)
 8. Financial related occupations 2.3 (0.06) 2.6 (0.43) 1.9 (1.14–3.27)
 9. Counselors, social, and religious workers 2.0 (0.06) 2.6 (0.38) 1.9 (1.17–3.20)
 10. Construction trades and extraction workers 5.7 (0.09) 2.7 (0.25) 2.0 (1.31–3.18)
 11. Installation, maintenance, and repair workers 3.6 (0.07) 2.7 (0.30) 2.0 (1.27–3.21)
 12. Production and operating workers 1.3 (0.04) 2.9 (0.56) 2.2 (1.29–3.69)
 13. Management related occupations 2.3 (0.06) 3.0 (0.42) 2.2 (1.37–3.68)
 14. Education, training, and library workers 1.0 (0.04) 3.0 (0.55) 2.3 (1.31–3.88)
 15. Setters, operators, and tenders 4.2 (0.08) 3.1 (0.31) 2.3 (1.46–3.63)
 16. Teachers 5.4 (0.09) 3.1 (0.29) 2.4 (1.50–3.71)
 17. Protective service occupations 2.3 (0.06) 3.4 (0.44) 2.5 (1.56–4.14)
 18. Entertainers, performers, sports, and related 1.4 (0.05) 3.5 (0.46) 2.6 (1.61–4.24)
 19. Transportation and material moving workers 5.5 (0.09) 3.5 (0.25) 2.6 (1.72–4.05)
 20. Cleaning and building service occupations 3.8 (0.08) 3.9 (0.34) 2.9 (1.88–4.56)
 21. Office and administrative support workers 12.7 (0.13) 3.9 (0.21) 2.9 (1.89–4.42)
 22. Health care technical and support occupations 4.6 (0.08) 4.0 (0.34) 3.0 (1.94–4.66)
 23. Lawyers, judges, and legal support workers 1.1 (0.04) 4.2 (0.92) 3.2 (1.70–5.89)
 24. Personal care and service workers 3.1 (0.06) 4.3 (0.36) 3.2 (2.08–4.97)
 25. Engineering and related technicians 0.4 (0.03) 4.5 (1.36) 3.3 (1.62–6.91)
 26. Life, physical, and social science technicians 0.2 (0.02) 4.6 (1.28) 3.5 (1.78–6.81)
 27. Sales and related workers 10.2 (0.12) 4.7 (0.02) 3.5 (2.34–5.38)
 28. Social scientists and related workers 0.3 (0.03) 4.8 (2.39) 3.6 (1.22–10.42)
 29. Entertainment attendants and related workers 0.5 (0.03) 5.5 (0.90) 4.2 (2.48–6.94)
 30. Food preparation and serving related occupations 5.5 (0.08) 5.7 (0.27) 4.2 (2.79–6.46)
 31. Media and communication workers 1.0 (0.04) 6.8 (0.95) 5.1 (3.10–8.28)
Age
 18–29 25.3 (0.17) 5.5 (0.10) 2.4 (2.08–2.71)
 30–49 46.2 (0.22) 3.2 (0.09) 1.4 (1.19–1.57)
 50–64 28.5 (0.24) 2.3 (0.15) 1.0
Gender
 Male 52.4 (0.19) 3.1 (0.09) 1.0
 Female 47.6 (0.19) 3.9 (0.10) 1.3 (1.18–1.37)
Race/Ethnicity
 Non-Hispanic white 66.5 (0.27) 3.7 (0.08) 1.0
 Non-Hispanic black 11.1 (0.17) 3.0 (0.17) 0.8 (0.71–0.90)
 Non-Hispanic other 7.1 (0.14) 3.6 (0.29) 1.0 (0.82–1.15)
 Hispanic 15.3 (0.20) 2.9 (0.15) 0.8 (0.69–0.86)
Education
 <High school education 10.3 (0.13) 3.8 (0.19) 1.3 (1.78–1.51)
 High school education 27.8 (0.19) 3.8 (0.12) 1.3 (1.20–1.47)
 Some college 28.0 (0.19) 3.9 (0.13) 1.4 (1.24–1.52)
 ≥College education 33.9 (0.26) 2.8 (0.11) 1.0
Current employment
 Full-time 80.3 (0.15) 3.1 (0.07) 0.6 (0.56–0.65)
 Part-time 19.7 (0.15) 5.1 (0.17) 1.0
Marital status
 Married 55.0 (0.23) 2.3 (0.08) 1.0
 Widowed 1.5 (0.06) 3.6 (0.80) 1.6 (1.02–2.48)
 Divorced/separated 13.7 (0.15) 4.7 (0.24) 2.1 (1.83–2.33)
 Never married 29.8 (0.20) 5.2 (0.11) 2.3 (2.15–2.51)
Family income as % of federal poverty level
 <100% 9.2 (0.13) 5.5 (0.24) 1.8 (1.63–1.98)
 100–199% 17.2 (0.17) 4.2 (0.15) 1.4 (1.26–1.48)
 ≥200% 73.4 (0.22) 3.1 (0.08) 1.0
Health insurance
 Private only 73.0 (0.20) 3.0 (0.07) 1.0
 Medicaid 16.9 (0.17) 4.6 (0.16) 1.5 (1.39–1.64)
 Uninsured 5.0 (0.08) 5.6 (0.32) 1.9 (1.65–2.09)
 Other 5.1 (0.09) 4.4 (0.34) 1.5 (1.25–1.71)
Metropolitan statistical area
 Large metro 55.3 (0.32) 3.4 (0.10) 1.0
 Small metro 29.9 (0.31) 3.7 (0.12) 1.1 (1.00–1.18)
 Non-metro 14.8 (0.23) 3.4 (0.15) 1.0 (0.90–1.10)
Region
 Northeast 18.7 (0.21) 3.5 (0.15) 0.9 (0.84–1.06)
 Midwest 22.1 (0.20) 3.7 (0.12) 1.0 (0.88–1.08)
 South 36.1 (0.28) 3.2 (0.11) 0.8 (0.76–0.94)
 West 23.1 (0.27) 3.8 (0.16) 1.0
Self-rated health
 Excellent 26.3 (0.18) 2.1 (0.10) 1.0
 Very good 40.8 (0.19) 3.1 (0.10) 1.5 (1.32–1.64)
 Good 25.9 (0.18) 4.4 (0.15) 2.1 (1.85–2.32)
 Fair/poor 7.0 (0.11) 7.3 (0.36) 3.4 (2.99–2.88)
12-month emergency department visits
 0 74.4 (0.17) 2.8 (0.07) 1.0
 1 13.8 (0.13) 5.1 (0.20) 1.8 (1.66–1.98)
 2 8.0 (0.10) 5.0 (0.25) 1.8 (1.60–2.00)
 ≥3 2.6 (0.06) 10.3 (0.67) 3.7 (3.20–4.20)
12-Month Substance Use Disorders
 Yes 10.0 (0.11) 9.9 (0.29) 3.6 (3.31–3.88)
 No 90.0 (0.11) 2.8 (0.07) 1.0
12-Month Major Depressive Episode
 Yes 6.1 (0.09) 25.2 (0.62) 12.2 (11.39–13.09)
 No 93.4 (0.09) 2.1 (0.05) 1.0

SE: standard error; CI: confidence interval. Significant associations are in bold.