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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jul 25.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2016 May 19;5(3):209–215.

Table 1. Final Population Pharmacokinetic Parameter Estimates of Metoprolol in Geriatric Patients with Comorbidities.

Parameter Estimate S.E. (lin) R.S.E. (%) p-value
Tlag (hr): Lag Time 0.469 0.017 4
Ka (hr-1): Absorption Rate Constant 0.235 0.02 8
V (L): Volume of Distribution 38 36 95
CLFemales (L/hr): Apparent Female Clearance 59.1 6.9 12
CLMales (L/hr): Apparent Male Clearance 105 10 10
beta CLMale (%): increase in clearance rate in males 0.572 0.14 24 2.70E-05
Interindividual Variability CV %
ωTlag, variance for Tlag 0.0304 0.034 113 17%
ωKa, variance for Ka 0.0518 0.13 254 23%
ωV, variance for V 2.43 0.67 27 155%
ωCL, variance for CL 0.143 0.055 39 38%
σ (ng/mL): Residual (intra-individual) concentration 12.2 1.2 10

CV (%), interindividual deviation of each parameter; RSE (%), percentage of relative standard error (100%×SE/EST); σ, variance of intraindividual deviation of fitted metoprolol plasma concentration.