Table 1.
Bivariate association between 9 diagnostic criteria for BPD and Section III traits.
| Section III traits | DSM-5 Section II criteria for BPD | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | BPD total | |
| Base rates | 62% | 61% | 66% | 49% | 70% | 75% | 67% | 58% | 57% | |
| Emotional lability | 0.40 | 0.32 | 0.34 | 0.03 | 0.16 | 0.53 | 0.18 | 0.12 | 0.39 | 0.49 |
| Anxiousness | 0.24 | 0.31 | 0.26 | –0.08 | 0.20 | 0.44 | 0.12 | 0.22 | 0.43 | 0.43 |
| Separation insecurity | 0.50 | 0.37 | 0.23 | 0.08 | 0.22 | 0.33 | 0.08 | 0.20 | 0.31 | 0.47 |
| Submissiveness | 0.07 | –0.02 | 0.22 | –0.14 | 0.12 | 0.22 | 0.08 | –0.19 | 0.13 | 0.09 |
| Hostility | 0.24 | 0.35 | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.06 | 0.33 | 0.09 | 0.59 | 0.33 | 0.52 |
| Perseveration | 0.15 | 0.25 | 0.32 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.37 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.32 | 0.38 |
| Withdrawal | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.18 | –0.07 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.11 | 0.17 |
| Intimacy avoidance | –0.06 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.09 |
| Anhedonia | 0.23 | 0.16 | 0.30 | –0.08 | 0.18 | 0.33 | 0.22 | 0.10 | 0.22 | 0.33 |
| Depressivity | 0.24 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.03 | 0.41 | 0.36 | 0.28 | 0.09 | 0.27 | 0.45 |
| Restricted affectivity | –0.03 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.28 | 0.00 | –0.02 | 0.05 | 0.19 | 0.04 | 0.14 |
| Suspiciousness | 0.28 | 0.43 | 0.39 | 0.23 | 0.25 | 0.40 | 0.24 | 0.37 | 0.49 | 0.62 |
| Manipulativeness | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.37 | –0.08 | 0.07 | –0.04 | 0.28 | 0.20 | 0.22 |
| Deceitfulness | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.22 | 0.32 | –0.06 | 0.17 | 0.06 | 0.26 | 0.19 | 0.29 |
| Grandiosity | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.16 | –0.18 | 0.06 | –0.03 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.11 |
| Attention seeking | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.13 | 0.28 | –0.06 | 0.14 | –0.02 | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.28 |
| Callousness | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0.15 | 0.39 | –0.05 | 0.05 | –0.01 | 0.37 | 0.10 | 0.24 |
| Irresponsibility | 0.22 | 0.28 | 0.24 | 0.30 | 0.08 | 0.29 | 0.02 | 0.29 | 0.31 | 0.41 |
| Impulsivity | 0.33 | 0.35 | 0.27 | 0.56 | 0.07 | 0.26 | 0.14 | 0.30 | 0.24 | 0.51 |
| Distractibility | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.02 | 0.30 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.22 | 0.32 |
| Risk taking | –0.03 | 0.13 | 0.06 | 0.52 | 0.00 | –0.04 | 0.01 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.20 |
| Rigid perfectionism | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0.17 | 0.05 | 0.14 | 0.22 | 0.24 |
| Unusual beliefs | 0.02 | 0.11 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.03 | 0.17 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.31 | 0.25 |
| Eccentricity | 0.20 | 0.31 | 0.37 | 0.20 | 0.15 | 0.35 | 0.18 | 0.24 | 0.41 | 0.47 |
| Perceptual dysregulation | 0.10 | 0.24 | 0.34 | 0.22 | 0.12 | 0.31 | 0.21 | 0.08 | 0.37 | 0.40 |
| Negative affectivity | 0.47 | 0.40 | 0.33 | 0.02 | 0.24 | 0.51 | 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.44 | 0.56 |
| Detachment | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.21 | –0.03 | 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.16 | 0.09 | 0.16 | 0.23 |
| Antagonism | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.34 | –0.12 | 0.11 | –0.01 | 0.26 | 0.21 | 0.24 |
| Disinhibition | 0.31 | 0.35 | 0.31 | 0.47 | 0.07 | 0.35 | 0.11 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.53 |
| Psychoticism | 0.13 | 0.26 | 0.34 | 0.23 | 0.12 | 0.32 | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.42 | 0.43 |
1 = Fear of Abandonment, 2 = Unstable relations, 3 = Identity disturbance, 4 = Impulsivity, 5 = Self-destructiveness, 6 = Affective lability, 7 = Chronic emptiness, 8 = Uncontrolled anger, and 9 = Paranoia or dissociation. Section III traits in italic are higher-order trait domains. Correlation coefficients are significant at the 0.01 level from 0.22 and at the 0.001 level from 0.29. Point-biserial correlation coefficients are reported for the 9 criteria, whereas Pearson correlation coefficents are reported for the BPD total criterion count. Critertion trait correlations above 0.30 are italized, whereas correlations above 0.40 are boldfaced. Base rates = prevalence of meeting criterion; BPD = borderline personality disorder; BPD total = BPD total criterion count; DSM-5 = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition.