Table 1.
Bivariate association between 9 diagnostic criteria for BPD and Section III traits.
Section III traits | DSM-5 Section II criteria for BPD | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | BPD total | |
Base rates | 62% | 61% | 66% | 49% | 70% | 75% | 67% | 58% | 57% | |
Emotional lability | 0.40 | 0.32 | 0.34 | 0.03 | 0.16 | 0.53 | 0.18 | 0.12 | 0.39 | 0.49 |
Anxiousness | 0.24 | 0.31 | 0.26 | –0.08 | 0.20 | 0.44 | 0.12 | 0.22 | 0.43 | 0.43 |
Separation insecurity | 0.50 | 0.37 | 0.23 | 0.08 | 0.22 | 0.33 | 0.08 | 0.20 | 0.31 | 0.47 |
Submissiveness | 0.07 | –0.02 | 0.22 | –0.14 | 0.12 | 0.22 | 0.08 | –0.19 | 0.13 | 0.09 |
Hostility | 0.24 | 0.35 | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.06 | 0.33 | 0.09 | 0.59 | 0.33 | 0.52 |
Perseveration | 0.15 | 0.25 | 0.32 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.37 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.32 | 0.38 |
Withdrawal | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.18 | –0.07 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.11 | 0.17 |
Intimacy avoidance | –0.06 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.09 |
Anhedonia | 0.23 | 0.16 | 0.30 | –0.08 | 0.18 | 0.33 | 0.22 | 0.10 | 0.22 | 0.33 |
Depressivity | 0.24 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.03 | 0.41 | 0.36 | 0.28 | 0.09 | 0.27 | 0.45 |
Restricted affectivity | –0.03 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.28 | 0.00 | –0.02 | 0.05 | 0.19 | 0.04 | 0.14 |
Suspiciousness | 0.28 | 0.43 | 0.39 | 0.23 | 0.25 | 0.40 | 0.24 | 0.37 | 0.49 | 0.62 |
Manipulativeness | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.37 | –0.08 | 0.07 | –0.04 | 0.28 | 0.20 | 0.22 |
Deceitfulness | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.22 | 0.32 | –0.06 | 0.17 | 0.06 | 0.26 | 0.19 | 0.29 |
Grandiosity | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.16 | –0.18 | 0.06 | –0.03 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.11 |
Attention seeking | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.13 | 0.28 | –0.06 | 0.14 | –0.02 | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.28 |
Callousness | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0.15 | 0.39 | –0.05 | 0.05 | –0.01 | 0.37 | 0.10 | 0.24 |
Irresponsibility | 0.22 | 0.28 | 0.24 | 0.30 | 0.08 | 0.29 | 0.02 | 0.29 | 0.31 | 0.41 |
Impulsivity | 0.33 | 0.35 | 0.27 | 0.56 | 0.07 | 0.26 | 0.14 | 0.30 | 0.24 | 0.51 |
Distractibility | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.02 | 0.30 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.22 | 0.32 |
Risk taking | –0.03 | 0.13 | 0.06 | 0.52 | 0.00 | –0.04 | 0.01 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.20 |
Rigid perfectionism | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0.17 | 0.05 | 0.14 | 0.22 | 0.24 |
Unusual beliefs | 0.02 | 0.11 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.03 | 0.17 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.31 | 0.25 |
Eccentricity | 0.20 | 0.31 | 0.37 | 0.20 | 0.15 | 0.35 | 0.18 | 0.24 | 0.41 | 0.47 |
Perceptual dysregulation | 0.10 | 0.24 | 0.34 | 0.22 | 0.12 | 0.31 | 0.21 | 0.08 | 0.37 | 0.40 |
Negative affectivity | 0.47 | 0.40 | 0.33 | 0.02 | 0.24 | 0.51 | 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.44 | 0.56 |
Detachment | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.21 | –0.03 | 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.16 | 0.09 | 0.16 | 0.23 |
Antagonism | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.34 | –0.12 | 0.11 | –0.01 | 0.26 | 0.21 | 0.24 |
Disinhibition | 0.31 | 0.35 | 0.31 | 0.47 | 0.07 | 0.35 | 0.11 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.53 |
Psychoticism | 0.13 | 0.26 | 0.34 | 0.23 | 0.12 | 0.32 | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.42 | 0.43 |
1 = Fear of Abandonment, 2 = Unstable relations, 3 = Identity disturbance, 4 = Impulsivity, 5 = Self-destructiveness, 6 = Affective lability, 7 = Chronic emptiness, 8 = Uncontrolled anger, and 9 = Paranoia or dissociation. Section III traits in italic are higher-order trait domains. Correlation coefficients are significant at the 0.01 level from 0.22 and at the 0.001 level from 0.29. Point-biserial correlation coefficients are reported for the 9 criteria, whereas Pearson correlation coefficents are reported for the BPD total criterion count. Critertion trait correlations above 0.30 are italized, whereas correlations above 0.40 are boldfaced. Base rates = prevalence of meeting criterion; BPD = borderline personality disorder; BPD total = BPD total criterion count; DSM-5 = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition.