Table 2.

Trajectories of insomnia severity stratified by racial/ethnic groups, HRS, 2002–2010.

	Model 1 Adjusted for baseline age, gender, and education				Model 2 Adjusted for Model 1 + number of accumulated health conditions* and BMI				Model 3 Adjusted for Model 1 + CES-D− Score				Model 4 Adjusted for variables in all models
	B	95% CI	t	p-value	B	95% CI	t	p-value	B	95% CI	t	p-value	B	95% CI	t	p-value
Full Score§
Non-Hispanic White	0.16	0.11, 0.22	5.76	<0.001	−0.25	−0.31, −0.19	−8.36	<0.001	0.22	0.17, 0.26	8.79	<0.001	−0.03	−0.09, 0.02	−1.29	0.204
Non-Hispanic Black	0.23	0.10, 0.35	3.63	0.001	−0.22	−0.34, −0.11	−3.95	<0.001	0.31	0.21, 0.40	6.44	<0.001	0.05	−0.06, 0.15	0.93	0.358
Hispanic	0.51║	0.31, 0.71	5.04	<0.001	−0.09║	−0.31, 0.14	−0.76	0.450	0.52║	0.30, 0.74	4.77	<0.001	0.15║	−0.09, 0.39	1.26	0.214
Other	0.23	−0.06, 0.52	1.62	0.112	−0.28	−0.59, 0.03	−1.83	0.073	0.34	0.13, 0.55	3.31	0.002	0.03	−0.20, 0.26	0.24	0.814

Note: All beta coefficients account for the complex sampling procedures of the HRS, and are weighted to make results nationally representative. The design-based degrees of freedom ranged from 50–56. Bolded p-values are statistically significant.

^*Corresponds to the sum of health conditions for each participant at each wave. Health conditions include: heart condition, stroke, high blood pressure, pain, arthritis, cancer, diabetes, incontinence, and memory problem.

⁻Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale

^§All results correspond to beta coefficients of the change in insomnia score across the years within each racial/ethnic group from linear regressions.

^║Statistically significant (p<0.05) difference in trajectories of the insomnia score or specific sleep problem compared to non-Hispanic whites