Difficult questions that should be prioritized
1	What factors explain the geographical, racial/ethnic and sex differences in the incidence of kidney cancer?
2	What underlying biologic pathways drive the association with kidney cancer risk for obesity and hypertension?
3	Can a greater understanding of germline variation of kidney cancer inform us about the unknown lifestyle and environmental causes?
4	Can a better understanding of the somatic signatures (both genomic and proteomic) of kidney cancer and its subtypes provide clues to etiologic risk factors and prognosis?
5	How is response to targeted therapy and immunotherapy influenced by epigenetic variation?
6	With more than a half a dozen approved drugs targeting the VHL/HIF pathway in clear cell renal cell carcinomas, what are the next steps toward improving therapy and survival in both early and advanced cases?
7	What are the barriers for rapid data sharing of sequencing of kidney cancers, which could accelerate identification and characterization of drivers of oncogenesis?
8	How do we select kidney cancer patients for constitutional genetic testing, beyond those fitting a ‘classic’ kidney cancer susceptibility syndrome?
9	Why do more than half of pediatric Wilms tumors lack identifiable driver mutations and what does this suggest about epigenetic regulation?
10	What new data are critical to develop more accurate models for understanding genomic and epigenetic changes across the spectrum of renal cancers?
11	Are current pathological subtype classifications still clinically relevant?
12	What factors can reliably predict durable response to immunotherapy?