Figure 1.
IFN-α reporter activity levels increase as individuals move toward SLE classification. Increases in serum IFN-α activity score by time before SLE classification (A) and by autoantibody status (B) are shown (mean ± SEM). IFN-α activity score ≥ 1 is considered positive (dashed line). Percent of case samples positive for IFN-α activity is listed below each time point. *p<0.05, ***p<0.001, Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s multiple comparison. Demographics (C) and number of positive autoantibodies (D, mean ± SEM; *p<0.05, unpaired t-test) in SLE cases that are ever IFN-α activity positive vs SLE cases that remain IFN-α activity negative are also shown. Other = Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaskan Native, or multiracial