Fig. 1. Neurotological findings in patient 1. A: The initially normal caloric responses changed into complete left paralysis 4 days later. B: Video-oculography shows spontaneous nystagmus (SN) beating rightward, upward, and clockwise (from the patient's perspective). C: Ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials were decreased during left-ear stimulation. LH: horizontal position of the left eye, LV: vertical position of the left eye, LT: torsional position of the left eye, PSPV: peak slow-phase velocity. D: Fundus photography shows extorsion of the left eye (normal range: 0–12.6°, positive value indicates extorsion). E: Magnetic search coil recordings of head impulse tests show decreased gains for the left horizontal (HCs) and anterior canals (ACs), but normal gains for other semicircular canals including the left posterior canal (PC). LAC: left AC, LHC: left HC, LPC: left PC, RAC: right AC, RHC: right HC, RPC: right PC.