Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2016 Jul 26;10:52. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2016.00052

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2016 Neske and Connors.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) cells strongly inhibit SOM cells. (A) Fluorescent image of barrel cortex of GIN mouse (endogenous GFP in subset of SOM cells) crossed with VIP-Cre mouse, virally transfected with Cre-dependent, RFP-tagged ChR2; scale bar = 200 μm. Inset: expanded view of neighboring VIP cell (red) and GIN cell (green); scale bar = 20 μm. (B) Fluorescent image of barrel cortex of G42 mouse (endogenous GFP in subset of PV cells) crossed with VIP-Cre mouse, virally transfected with Cre-dependent, RFP-tagged ChR2; scale bar = 200 μm; dotted line denotes pia. Inset: expanded view of neighboring VIP cell (red) and G42 cell (green); scale bar = 20 μm. (C) Light-evoked IPSCs in a GIN cell and neighboring pyramidal cell in layer 2/3, in which VIP cells express ChR2. 10 traces overlaid for both GIN and pyramidal cell. (D) Light-evoked IPSCs in a G42 cell and neighboring pyramidal cell in layer 2/3, in which VIP cells express ChR2. 10 traces overlaid for both G42 and pyramidal cell. (E) Population data of mean light-evoked IPSCs in pyramidal, GIN, and G42 cells when VIP cells are optogenetically activated. IPSC_GIN > IPSC_Pyr (P = 1.1 × 10^-5, Kruskal–Wallis test, Bonferroni correction), IPSC_GIN > IPSC_G42 (P = 4.3 × 10^-4, Kruskal–Wallis test, Bonferroni correction). (F) Population data of mean light-evoked IPSCs in GIN, and G42 cells, normalized to mean light-evoked IPSCs in pyramidal cells in same slice, when VIP cells are optogenetically activated, normIPSC_GIN > normIPSC_G42 (P = 4.4 × 10^-4, Mann–Whitney test).