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. 2016 Jul 26;10:52. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2016.00052

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Copyright © 2016 Neske and Connors.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Efficacy of Arch expression in VIP cells. (A) Fluorescent image of Arch-EYFP-expressing VIP cells in superficial layers of barrel cortex; scale bar = 200 μm. Inset: expanded view of 2 Arch-expressing VIP cells, scale bar = 20 μm. (B) Light-evoked hyperpolarization (500 ms pulse duration) of Arch-expressing VIP cells in layer 2/3 as 40x immersion objective is moved away from the recorded cell in 70-μm increments (n = 6 cells). Peak and steady-state values are measured as in Figures 1B,C. (C) Voltage trace of example VIP cell during photostimulation. (D) Light stimuli significantly decrease spiking output of layer 2/3 Arch-expressing VIP cells during evoked Up states (n = 7 cells; Dark: 7.1 ± 2.1 Hz, LED: 0.4 ± 0.4 Hz, P = 0.022, paired t-test).