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. 2016 Jul 26;7:1113. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01113

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Photographs of pathogenic (A) and saprophytic (B) F. graminearum growth on Remus wheat heads 3 days after inoculation (dai). Black arrows in (A) point toward brownish lesions visible on pathogenic samples. The red rectangle in (B) indicates the type of saprophytic material used for analysis. To avoid that the majority of the fungal material had no direct contact to the wheat tissue, extensive aerial hyphae were stripped off the wheat head and only the intimately connected fungal cells were used for further analysis. (C) Infection rates were analyzed according to the published method (Brunner et al., 2009) by DNA-based and cDNA (RNA)-based quantitative PCR. The proportion of fungal chromosomal DNA (chrDNA) was determined within the total fungal/plant DNA mixture and the proportion of fungal mRNA (GAPDH cDNA) was determined within the total fungal/plant cDNA mixture. In the saprophytic samples basically no plant-derived DNA or mRNA was detectable any more already 3 dai. Patho, pathogenic growth on living wheat heads; sapro, saprophytic growth on cold-killed wheat heads.