Table 2. Microglia in postmortem schizophrenia brain.
| Author | Brain bank | n | Sex (m/f) | Age | Death from suicide | Brain region | Technique | Inflammatory markers | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arnold et al.46 | Prospective study | scz 23 ctr 14 | scz 8/15 ctr 6/8 | scz 80 ctr 75 | NA | EC (BA 28) CA1, SB, MFC (BA9 and 46), OFC (BA11), CL (BA17) | IHC | CD68 | ↔ |
| Bayer et al.85 | INUBMC, INMD | scz 14 ctr 13 | scz 3/11 ctr 8/5 | scz 64 ctr 58 | NA | FC, HPC | IHC | HLA-DR | ↑ |
| Busse et al.88 | MBC | scz (p) 10* scz (r) 7 ctr 11 | scz (p) 5/5 scz (r) 4/3 ctr 6/5 | scz (p) 50 scz (r) 56 ctr 56 | scz 5# | HPC | IHC | HLA-DR | ↑*# |
| Comte et al.95 | SFNC | Scz 15 ctr 15 | scz 9/6 ctr 9/6 | scz 44 ctr 48 | scz 4 | SVZ | IHC | MHC II | ↔ |
| Connor et al.97 | HBTRC | scz 22 ctr 45 | scz 9/13 ctr 24/21 | scz 68 ctr 70 | NA | ACC (BA24), DLPFC | IHC | Iba1 | ↔ |
| Durrenberger et al.98 | BBPDGU | scz 10 ctr 10 | scz 5/5 ctr 5/5 | scz 66 ctr 61 | NA | Temporal lobe (BA22) | PCR | HLA-DRA, HLA-DRB4 | ↓ |
| Falke et al.50 | Prospective study | scz 12 ctr 11 | scz 3/9 ctr 7/4 | scz 81 ctr 78 | NA | MTN, CT | IHC | CD68 | ↔ |
| Fillman et al.86 | NSWTRC | scz 37 ctr 37 | scz 24/13 ctr 30/7 | scz 53 ctr 51 | NA | DLPFC (BA46) | WB, IHC | HLA-DR/DP/DQ | ↑ |
| Foster et al.90 | SFNC | scz 15 ctr 15 | scz 9/6 ctr 9/6 | scz 44 ctr 48 | scz 4 | DLPFC (BA9) | ELISA, IHC | Calprotectin* CD68# | ↑*↔# |
| Gos et al.99 | MBC | scz 13 ctr 12 | scz 7/6 ctr 6/6 | scz 51 ctr 49 | scz 2 | CA1*,2,3, DG | IHC | HLA-DR#, quinolinic acid* | ↓*↔# |
| Hercher et al.55 | SMRIAC | scz 20 ctr 20 | scz 13/7 ctr 14/6 | scz 45 ctr 45.3 | scz 4 | DLPFC (BA9) | IHC | Iba1 | ↔ |
| Kano et al.100 | SMRIAC | scz 35 ctr 35 | scz 26/9 ctr 26/9 | scz 43 ctr 44 | scz 7 | DLFPC*, OFC# | WB | MHC I | ↓*↔# |
| Nakatani et al.96 | VIFM | scz 7 ctr 7 | scz 3/4 ctr 3/4 | scz 61 ctr 61 | scz 1 | DLPFC (BA46), PC (BA40) | PCR | HLA-DRA | ↔ |
| Radewicz et al.53 | Prospective study | scz 12 ctr 11 | NA | scz 80 ctr 72 | NA | DLPFC (BA9)*, ACC (BA24)#, superior TC (BA22)* | IHC | HLA-DR | ↑*↔# |
| Rao et al.73 | HBTRC | scz 10 ctr 10 | scz 6/4 ctr 7/3 | scz 59 ctr 49 | NA | FC (BA10) | IHC, PCR, WB | HLA-DR, CD11b | ↑ |
| Saetre et al.93 | SFNC, HBTRC, MBB | scz 55 ctr 55 | NA | scz 58 ctr 56 | NA | FC (BA8 and 9), superior frontal gyrus | PCR | HLA-A | ↔ |
| Schmitt et al.94 | BBPDGU | 10 per group | scz 5/5 ctr 8/2 | scz 66 ctr 61 | NA | TC (BA22) | PCR | HLA-DRB3, HLA-DPA1 | ↔ |
| Sinkus et al.101 | SRCBB | scz 42 ctr 47 | scz 28/14 ctr 33/14 | scz 51 ctr 53 | scz 0 ctr 1 | HPC | PCR | HLA-A#, HLA-B* | ↑*↔# |
| Steiner et al.91 | MBC | scz 16* ctr 16 | scz 8/8 ctr 8/8 | scz 55 ctr 58 | scz 2# | HPC, ACC, DLPFC, MTN | IHC | HLA-DR | ↔*↑# |
| Steiner et al.92 | MBC | scz 16* ctr 10 | scz 7/9 ctr 5/5 | scz 54 ctr 55 | scz 6# | HPC*, DLPFC#, ACC#, MTN# | IHC | HLA-DR | ↔*↑# |
| Wierzba-Bobrowicz et al.89 | NA | scz 12 ctr 7 | scz 0/12 ctr 0/6 | scz 59 ctr 56 | NA | Frontal lobe, cingulate gyrus (BA24) | IHC | HLA-DP/DQ/DR | ↑ |
| Wierzba-Bobrowicz et al.87 | NA | scz 9 ctr 6 | NA | scz 56 ctr 56 | NA | Gyrus temporal inferior (BA20), gyrus cinguli (BA24) | IHC | HLA-DP/DQ/DR | ↑ |
Abbreviations: ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; BA, Brodmann area; BBPDGU, Brain Bank for Psychiatric Diseases at the Gottingen University; CA, cornu ammonis; CD, cluster of differentiation; CL, calcarine cortex; CT, caudate; ctr, control; DG, dentate gyrus; DLFPC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; EC, entorhinal cortex; ELISA; enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay; FC, frontal cortex; HBTRC, Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Centre; HLA, Human Leukocyte Antigen; HPC, hippocampus; IHC, immunohistochemistry; Iba, ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule; INMD, Institute for Nervous and Mental Diseases; INUBMC, Institute of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Centre; MBB, Maudsley Brain Bank; MBC, Magdeburg Brain Collection; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; MFC, midfrontal cortex; MTN, mediodorsal thalamic nucleus; NA, not available; NSWTRC, New South Wales Tissue Resource Centre; OFC, orbitofrontal cortex; PC, parietal cortex; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; SB, subiculum; scz, schizophrenia; scz (p), paranoid schizophrenia, scz (r). residual schizophrenia; SFNC, Stanley Foundation Neuropathology Consortium; SMRIAC, Stanley Medical Research Institute Array Collection; SRCBB, Schizophrenia Research Center Brain Bank; SVZ, subventricular zone; TC, temporal cortex; VIFM, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine; WB, western blot.
*, # indicate which variables results are representing.