Table 4. Cytokine and chemokine in postmortem schizophrenia brain.
| Author | Brain bank | n | Sex (m/f) | Age | Death from suicide | Brain region | Technique | Inflammatory markers | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dean et al.138 | VBBN | scz 19 ctr 20 | scz 15/4 ctr 16/4 | scz 48 ctr 47 | scz 8 | DLPFC (BA46), ACC (BA24) | WB, PCR | sTNF-α#, tmTNF-α#, TNF-α receptor 1*,2# | ↑*↔# |
| Durrenberger et al.98 | BBPDGU | scz 10 ctr 10 | scz 5/5 ctr 5/5 | scz 66 ctr 61 | NA | TL (BA22) | PCR | IL-13RA1 | ↓. |
| Fillman et al.86 | NSWTRC | scz 37 ctr 37 | scz 24/13 ctr 30/7 | scz 51 ctr 51 | NA | DLPFC (BA46) | PCR, WB, IHC | IL-8*, IL-6*, IL-1β# | ↑*↔# |
| Fillman et al.139 | SMRIAC | scz 35 ctr 35 | scz 26/9 ctr 26/9 | scz 43 ctr 44 | scz 7 | Middle frontal gyrus | PCR | IL-6#, IL-8*, IL-1β#, IL18#, TNF-α# | ↓*↔# |
| Harris et al.137 | SMRIAC | scz 35 ctr 33 | scz 26/9 ctr 25/8 | scz 43 ctr 45 | NA | BA10 | ELISA | IFN-γ | ↑ |
| Nakatani et al.96 | VIFM | scz 7 ctr 7 | scz 3/4 ctr 3/4 | scz 61 ctr 61 | scz 1 | DLPFC (BA46), PC (BA40) | PCR | CCL3 | ↓ |
| Rao et al.73 | HBTRC | scz 10 ctr 10 | scz 6/4 ctr 7/3 | scz 59 ctr 49 | NA | FC (BA10) | PCR, WB | TNF-α, IL-1β | ↑ |
| Schmitt et al.94 | BBPDGU | scz 10 ctr 10 | scz 5/5 ctr 8/2 | scz 66 ctr 61 | NA | TC (BA22) | PCR | IL-8*, IL-1α*, CCL2#, IL-1β# | ↓*↔# |
| Toyooka et al.136 | NA | scz 22 ctr 23 | scz 16/6 ctr 14/9 | scz 59 ctr 66 | NA | PFC (BA46)*, posterior hypothalamic region, PC (BA 1-3), PU | PCR, WB | IL−1β #, IL-1RA* | ↓*↔# |
| Volk et al.155 | ACOME | scz 62 ctr 62 | scz 47/15 ctr 47/15 | scz 48 ctr 49 | scz 16 | PFC (BA9) | PCR | IL-1β*, IL-6*, IL-8#, IFN-β* | ↑*↔# |
Abbreviations: ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; BA, ACOME, Allegheny County Office of the Medical Examiner; Brodmann area; BBPDGU, Brain Bank for Psychiatric Diseases at the Gottingen University, CCL, chemokine (c-c motif) ligand; CCR, chemokine (c-c motif) receptor; ctr, control; DLFPC; dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; ELISA; enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay; FC, frontal cortex; HBTRC; Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Centre; IHC, IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; NA, not available; NSWTRC; New South Wales Tissue Resource Centre; PC, parietal cortex; PFC, prefrontal cortex; PU, putamen; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; scz, schizophrenia; SMRIAC, Stanley Medical Research Institute Array Collection; sTNF, soluble TNF; TC, temporal cortex; TL, temporal lobe; tmTNF, transmembrane TNF; TNF, Tumor necrosis factor; VBBN, Victorian Brain Bank Network; VIFM, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine; WB, western blot.
*, # indicate which variables results are representing.