Appendix Table 3.
Relative Change in Primary and Secondary Outcomes*
| Variable | Proportional Change From Baseline†
|
Between-Group Change‡
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tai Chi (n = 106) | Physical Therapy (n = 98) | Tai Chi vs. Physical Therapy | P Value§ | |
| WOMAC pain score (range, 0–500 mm) | 0.36 | |||
|
| ||||
| Week 12 | 0.20 (0.15–0.25) | 0.24 (0.18–0.31) | 0.84 (0.58–1.21) | |
|
| ||||
| Week 24 | 0.24 (0.19–0.31) | 0.33 (0.26–0.42) | 0.74 (0.52–1.04) | |
|
| ||||
| Week 52 | 0.26 (0.20–0.35) | 0.33 (0.25–0.44) | 0.79 (0.53–1.18) | |
|
| ||||
| WOMAC physical function score (range, 0–1700 mm) | 0.44 | |||
| Week 12 | 0.17 (0.13–0.23) | 0.23 (0.17–0.31) | 0.74 (0.50–1.12) | |
|
| ||||
| Week 24 | 0.22 (0.17–0.29) | 0.28 (0.21–0.37) | 0.79 (0.53–1.16) | |
|
| ||||
| Week 52 | 0.23 (0.17–0.31) | 0.32 (0.23–0.43) | 0.72 (0.47–1.11) | |
| WOMAC stiffness score (range, 0–200 mm) | 0.66 | |||
|
| ||||
| Week 12 | 0.19 (0.15–0.25) | 0.24 (0.19–0.32) | 0.79 (0.55–1.14) | |
|
| ||||
| Week 24 | 0.22 (0.17–0.29) | 0.26 (0.20–0.35) | 0.86 (0.58–1.26) | |
|
| ||||
| Week 52 | 0.28 (0.21–0.37) | 0.33 (0.25–0.45) | 0.83 (0.55–1.25) | |
|
| ||||
| Patient Global Assessment score (range, 0–10 cm) | 0.20 | |||
| Week 12 | 0.81 (0.78–0.84) | 0.85 (0.82–0.88) | 0.95 (0.90–1.00) | |
|
| ||||
| Week 24 | 0.84 (0.81–0.87) | 0.88 (0.85–0.92) | 0.95 (0.90–1.00) | |
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| ||||
| Week 52 | 0.87 (0.83–0.91) | 0.91 (0.87–0.95) | 0.96 (0.90–1.02) | |
| Beck Depression Inventory-II score (range, 0–63) | 0.012 | |||
|
| ||||
| Week 12 | 0.68 (0.57–0.80) | 1.01 (0.85–1.21) | 0.67 (0.52–0.86) | 0.002 |
|
| ||||
| Week 24 | 0.81 (0.68–0.97) | 0.93 (0.77–1.13) | 0.87 (0.67–1.12) | 0.28 |
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| ||||
| Week 52 | 0.78 (0.64–0.96) | 1.00 (0.81–1.23) | 0.78 (0.58–1.04) | 0.093 |
|
| ||||
| SF-36 scores (range, 0–100) | ||||
| Physical component | 0.079 | |||
| Week 12 | 1.17 (1.12–1.23) | 1.09 (1.04–1.14) | 1.08 (1.01–1.15) | |
|
| ||||
| Week 24 | 1.19 (1.13–1.26) | 1.09 (1.03–1.15) | 1.10 (1.01–1.18) | |
|
| ||||
| Week 52 | 1.17 (1.11–1.24) | 1.12 (1.06–1.18) | 1.05 (0.97–1.13) | |
| Mental component | 0.47 | |||
|
| ||||
| Week 12 | 1.03 (0.99–1.07) | 0.99 (0.95–1.03) | 1.04 (0.98–1.10) | |
|
| ||||
| Week 24 | 1.01 (0.97–1.06) | 0.96 (0.92–1.01) | 1.05 (0.98–1.12) | |
|
| ||||
| Week 52 | 1.00 (0.96–1.05) | 0.96 (0.92–1.01) | 1.04 (0.98–1.11) | |
|
| ||||
| Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale score (range, 1–10) | 0.73 | |||
| Week 12 | 1.20 (1.09–1.32) | 1.14 (1.03–1.26) | 1.05 (0.92–1.21) | |
|
| ||||
| Week 24 | 1.12 (1.02–1.24) | 1.16 (1.04–1.29) | 0.97 (0.84–1.12) | |
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| ||||
| Week 52 | 1.14 (1.04–1.25) | 1.13 (1.03–1.24) | 1.01 (0.89–1.15) | |
| 6-min walk score (in meters) | 0.86 | |||
| Week 12 | 1.08 (1.05–1.11) | 1.07 (1.04–1.10) | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | |
|
| ||||
| Week 24 | 1.08 (1.05–1.12) | 1.06 (1.03–1.10) | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | |
|
| ||||
| Week 52 | 1.06 (1.02–1.11) | 1.06 (1.02–1.11) | 1.00 (0.94–1.06) | |
|
| ||||
| 20-m walk score (in seconds) | 0.058 | |||
| Week 12 | 0.93 (0.90–0.96) | 0.95 (0.91–0.98) | 0.98 (0.94–1.03) | |
|
| ||||
| Week 24 | 0.89 (0.85–0.92) | 0.95 (0.91–0.99) | 0.94 (0.88–0.99) | |
|
| ||||
| Week 52 | 0.88 (0.84–0.92) | 0.95 (0.90–0.99) | 0.93 (0.87–0.99) | |
SF-36 = 36-Item Short Form Health Survey; WOMAC = Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index.
Values are estimated means (95% CIs) from longitudinal regressions, including time, treatment, and their interaction only with outcome variables on a logarithmic scale. Boldface values indicate statistically significant differences between groups.
Values are relative change, defined as follow-up score as a proportion of baseline score.
Values are change in Tai Chi group relative to change in physical therapy group. For example, a value of 0.95 means that the Tai Chi score decreased by 5% more than the physical therapy score.
Values aligned with row headings are for the interaction of treatment group and time.