Table 2.
Changes in Primary and Secondary Outcomes*
| Variable | Mean Change From Baseline
|
Between-Group Difference
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tai Chi (n = 106) | Physical Therapy (n = 98) | Tai Chi vs. Physical Therapy | P Value† | |
| WOMAC pain score (range, 0–500), mm | 0.22 | |||
|
| ||||
| Week 12 | −167.2 (−190.4 to −144.9) | −143.0 (−167.4 to −118.6) | −24.2 (−57.9 to 9.6) | |
|
| ||||
| Week 24 | −158.6 (−182.9 to −134.3) | −124.3 (−150.0 to −98.5) | −34.3 (−69.8 to 1.1) | |
|
| ||||
| Week 52 | −138.8 (−166.7 to −110.8) | −121.0 (−150.0 to −91.9) | −17.8 (−58.1 to 22.4) | |
|
| ||||
| WOMAC physical function score (range, 0–1700), mm | 0.160 | |||
| Week 12 | −608.3 (−695.3 to −521.4) | −494.2 (−585.3 to −403.2) | −114.1 (−240.0 to 11.8) | |
|
| ||||
| Week 24 | −586.8 (−669.5 to −504.1) | −455.7 (−543.1 to −368.4) | −131.1 (−251.3 to −10.8) | |
|
| ||||
| Week 52 | −532.3 (−625.9 to −438.7) | −444.0 (−541.3 to −346.7) | −88.3 (−223.4 to 46.7) | |
| WOMAC stiffness score (range, 0–200), mm | 0.74 | |||
|
| ||||
| Week 12 | −75.3 (−86.7 to −64.0) | −70.1 (−81.9 to −58.2) | −5.3 (−21.7 to 11.2) | |
|
| ||||
| Week 24 | −72.3 (−84.0 to −60.6) | −64.9 (−77.3 to −52.4) | −7.4 (−24.5 to 9.6) | |
|
| ||||
| Week 52 | −61.6 (−74.0 to −49.1) | −60.2 (−73.1 to −47.3) | −1.4 (−19.3 to 16.6) | |
|
| ||||
| Patient Global Assessment score (range, 0–10), cm | 0.25 | |||
| Week 12 | −2.96 (−3.46 to −2.45) | −2.24 (−2.78 to −1.71) | −0.71 (−1.45 to 0.02) | |
|
| ||||
| Week 24 | −2.40 (−2.93 to −1.88) | −1.73 (−2.29 to −1.17) | −0.67 (−1.44 to 0.09) | |
|
| ||||
| Week 52 | −1.84 (−2.48 to −1.21) | −1.31 (−1.96 to −0.66) | −0.53 (−1.44 to 0.38) | |
| Beck Depression Inventory-II score (range, 0–63) | 0.049 | |||
|
| ||||
| Week 12 | −2.2 (−3.7 to −0.9) | 0.5 (−1.0 to 2.0) | −2.7 (−4.8 to −0.7) | 0.008 |
|
| ||||
| Week 24 | −1.7 (−3.1 to −0.4) | 0.2 (−1.3 to 1.7) | −1.9 (−3.9 to 0.1) | 0.059 |
|
| ||||
| Week 52 | −1.1 (−2.7 to 0.5) | −0.003 (−1.6 to 1.6) | −1.1 (−3.4 to 1.2) | 0.34 |
|
| ||||
| SF-36 scores (range, 0–100) | ||||
| Physical component | 0.034 | |||
| Week 12 | 6.3 (4.6 to 7.9) | 3.1 (1.4 to 4.8) | 3.2 (0.8 to 5.5) | 0.010 |
|
| ||||
| Week 24 | 7.1 (5.1 to 9.0) | 3.4 (1.4 to 5.5) | 3.6 (0.8 to 6.4) | 0.012 |
|
| ||||
| Week 52 | 6.3 (4.4 to 8.3) | 4.3 (2.3 to 6.4) | 2.0 (−0.8 to 4.8) | 0.162 |
| Mental component | 0.59 | |||
|
| ||||
| Week 12 | 1.6 (−0.1 to 3.2) | −0.03 (−1.7 to 1.7) | 1.6 (−0.8 to 3.9) | |
|
| ||||
| Week 24 | 0.4 (−1.5 to 2.2) | −0.7 (−2.7 to 1.4) | 1.0 (−1.8 to 3.8) | |
|
| ||||
| Week 52 | −0.1 (−1.9 to 1.8) | −1.5 (−3.4 to 0.4) | 1.4 (−1.3 to 4.1) | |
|
| ||||
| Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale score (range, 1–10) | 0.42 | |||
| Week 12 | 1.3 (0.8 to 1.8) | 0.8 (0.3 to 1.4) | 0.4 (−0.3 to 1.2) | |
|
| ||||
| Week 24 | 0.9 (0.4 to 1.4) | 0.9 (0.4 to 1.4) | −0.2 (−0.7 to 0.7) | |
|
| ||||
| Week 52 | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.5) | 0.7 (0.2 to 1.2) | 0.3 (−0.4 to 1.0) | |
| 6-min walk test score, m | 0.97 | |||
|
| ||||
| Week 12 | 28.6 (17.9 to 39.2) | 26.1 (14.9 to 37.4) | 2.5 (−13.1 to 18.0) | |
|
| ||||
| Week 24 | 28.9 (16.6 to 41.2) | 24.5 (11.5 to 37.5) | 4.4 (−13.4 to 22.3) | |
|
| ||||
| Week 52 | 27.1 (12.2 to 42.0) | 22.8 (7.0 to 38.6) | 4.3 (−17.4 to 26.0) | |
|
| ||||
| 20-m walk test score, s | 0.194 | |||
| Week 12 | −1.6 (−2.4 to −0.8) | −1.1 (−2.0 to −0.2) | −0.5 (−1.7 to 0.7) | |
|
| ||||
| Week 24 | −2.4 (−3.4 to −1.3) | −1.2 (−2.2 to −0.1) | −1.2 (−2.7 to 0.3) | |
|
| ||||
| Week 52 | −2.4 (−3.5 to −1.4) | −1.0 (−2.1 to 0.2) | −1.5 (−3.0 to 0.1) | |
SF-36 = 36-Item Short Form Health Survey; WOMAC = Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index.
*
Mean values were estimated from the repeated-measures analysis. Boldface values indicate statistically significant differences between groups. Results are unadjusted for covariates.
†
Values aligned with row headings are for the interaction of treatment group and time.