Table 2.
Characteristics of Participants Completing Full BOLD Core Questionnaire, Including Those with and without ATS Standard Spirometry
Variable (n) | Number (%)* |
---|---|
Age group, yr (n = 1,058) | |
18–29 | 283 (26.8) |
30–39 | 190 (18.0) |
40–49 | 253 (23.9) |
50–59 | 182 (17.2) |
60–69 | 98 (9.3) |
≥ 70 | 52 (4.9) |
Sex (n = 1059) | |
Male | 446 (42.1) |
Female | 613 (57.9) |
Level of education (n = 1,054) | |
None | 59 (5.6) |
Primary | 394 (37.4) |
Middle | 391 (37.1) |
High school or college | 210 (19.9) |
Years of education, mean (SD) (n = 1,057) | 9.29 (4.35) |
HIV status (n = 933) | |
Negative | 707 (75.8) |
Positive | 226 (24.2) |
Self-reported previous TB (n = 1,057) | |
No | 1026 (97.1) |
Yes | 31 (2.9) |
Hemoglobin, g/dl, mean (SD) (n = 936) | 13.9 (1.80) |
Eosinophil blood count >2% (n = 927) | |
No | 291 (31.4) |
Yes | 636 (68.6) |
BMI group, kg/m2 (n = 972) | |
Underweight (BMI < 18.5) | 77 (7.9) |
Normal (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25) | 568 (58.4) |
Overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30) | 202 (20.8) |
Obese (BMI ≥ 30) | 125 (12.9) |
Home ownership (n = 1,057) | |
Yes | 627 (59.3) |
No | 430 (40.7) |
Access to private water supply (indoor or outdoor tap) (n = 1,057) | |
Yes | 492 (46.6) |
No | 565 (53.4) |
Household has flush toilet (n = 1,057) | |
Yes | 265 (25.1) |
No | 792 (74.9) |
Smoking status (n = 1,057) | |
Ever | 110 (10.4) |
Never | 947 (89.6) |
Pack-years of smoking (n = 1,057) | |
0 | 947 (89.6) |
>0 and <10 | 89 (8.4) |
≥10 | 21 (2.0) |
Biomass exposure† (n = 1,057) | |
No | 157 (14.8) |
Yes | 900 (85.2) |
Working in farming >3 mo (n = 1,056) | |
No | 748 (70.8) |
Yes | 308 (29.2) |
Definition of abbreviations: ATS = American Thoracic Society; BMI = body mass index; BOLD = Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease; TB = tuberculosis.
Unless otherwise indicated.
Use of charcoal, coal, or coke, or burning of wood, dung, or crop residue for more than 6 months for cooking, or burning of wood, dung, or crop residue for heating water.