Ventricular action potential of the zebrafish heart. (A) Typical action potential of the zebrafish ventricle shows fast upstroke (phase-0), long plateau (phase-2), rapid repolarization (phase-3) and stable resting membrane potential (phase-4), but lacks the fast phase-1 repolarization (arrow), which is typical for the human cardiac action potential (top right). As an ectotherm action potential duration and heart rate in the zebrafish is temperature-dependent within the thermal-tolerance range of the species. (B) Representative microelectrode recordings of ventricular AP at selected temperatures (36°C, 28°C and 19°C) and (C) within the whole range of temperatures between 10°C and 36°C.