TABLE 1.

Alcohol-Related Beliefs and Behaviors in Affirmation (n = 58) and Control (n = 52) Groups Across Assessment Periods

Behavior/belief	Baseline		Follow-up		Between-group		Regression analyses
	M	SD	M	SD	F	p	Block	Variable	β	p	Adj. R2
Weekly drinks	13.50	11.40	11.71	11.59	0.00	.97
Affirmation	13.48	10.27	11.63	10.45			Block 1	Gender	−0.30	.001	.08**
Control	13.52	12.42	11.79	12.62			Block 3	Gender	−0.22	.02	.13**†
								Condition	−0.04	.69
								Pre-Importance	−0.26	.01
Peak consumption	9.65	5.20	7.75	6.12	0.62	.44
Affirmation	9.15	4.82	7.69**	5.27			Block 1	Gender	−0.24	.01	.05*
Control	10.09	5.51	7.79*	6.84			Block 3	Gender	−0.15	.13	.10**†
								Condition	−0.04	.69
								Pre-Importance	−0.27	.01
PBSS	50.52	11.50	52.05	11.10	1.24	.27
Affirmation	49.12	10.26	51.58*	10.67			Block 1	Gender	0.22	.02	.04*
Control	51.78	12.47	52.47	11.55			Block 3	Gender	0.12	.24	.10**†
								Condition	−0.01	.90
								Pre-Importance	0.30	.002
	Premessage		Postmessage
	M	SD	M	SD	F	p
Problem importance	20.09	6.32	22.54	7.10	0.003	.96
Affirmation	19.52	5.66	21.94	7.08
Control	20.60	6.86	23.07	7.14
Personal risk	3.66	1.92	4.08	2.05	2.78	.10
Affirmation	3.88	2.07	3.96	2.00
Control	3.47	1.76	4.19	2.10

Note. Adj. = adjusted; Pre-Importance = self-reported perception of problem importance prior to completion of affirmation; PBSS = Protective Behavioral Strategies Scale. No Block 2 regression analyses were statistically significant; therefore, only Block 1 and Block 3 outcomes are depicted.

^†Change in F-statistic for R² change from Step 1 to Step 3 was significant at p < .05.

^*p < .05;

^**p < .01;

^***p < .001.