Fig. S5.

Histograms depicting relative fold changes in the expression levels of the cytokines IL-1β, IL-8, TGF-β, and IL-4 in the BALF of guinea pigs exposed to CS for 28 d with and without vitamin C (CS + Vit C) or L-NIL (CS + L-NIL) supplementation, against air-exposed sham controls (A), and the number of inflammatory cells (total leukocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils) in the BALF of the above groups of animals (B). C depicts representative histology from hematoxylin and eosin-stained lung sections of air-exposed (sham controls) guinea pigs against that of 28-d CS-exposed guinea pigs with and without vitamin C (CS + Vit C) or L-NIL (CS + L-NIL) supplementation, showing prominent cellular infiltration in the alveolar region of the CS-exposed and CS + L-NIL–treated guinea pigs. Data were statistically analyzed by paired Student's t test. Significant differences (*P < 0.05) were observed in comparison with unexposed controls. Data are represented as means ± SD and are representative of three independent experiments done under similar conditions. (Scale bars, 50 µm.)