Table S1.
Remote archipelago life history traits
| Archipelago/islands | Longitude/latitude | Distance from hot spot (km) | Age (range) (My) | Rate plate movement (cm/y) | Area (km2) | Altitude (m) | Nearest continent |
| Marquesas Islands | |||||||
| Eiao | 8.00°S/140.68°W | 465 | 5.75 ± 4.98 | 7 | 40 | 578 | South America |
| Nuku Hiva | 8.86°S/140.10°W | 355 | 4.34 ± 2.99 | 7 | 345 | 1,227 | South America |
| Ua Huka | 8.92°S/139.55°W | 312 | 3.24 ± 1.36 | 7 | 82 | 884 | South America |
| Ua Pou | 9.40°S/140.08°W | 300 | 5.61 ± 1.78 | 7 | 105 | 1,203 | South America |
| Hiva Oa | 9.76°S/139.00°W | 210 | 2.55 ± 1.66 | 7 | 318 | 1,276 | South America |
| Tahuata | 9.92°S/139.08°W | 200 | 2.09 ± 1.82 | 7 | 61 | 1,050 | South America |
| Fatu Hiva | 10.48°S/138.65°W | 123 | 2.55 ± 1.33 | 7 | 85 | 960 | South America |
| Society Islands | |||||||
| Maupiti | 16.45°S/152.25°W | 488 | 4.60 ± 3.94 | 7 | 12 | 380 | Australia |
| Bora Bora | 16.45°S/151.87°W | 420 | 4.15 ± 3.12 | 7 | 29 | 727 | Australia |
| Tahaa | 16.62°S/151.49°W | 380 | 3.30 ± 2.60 | 7 | 91 | 590 | Australia |
| Raiatea | 16.82°S/151.43°W | 360 | 3.4 ± 2.4 | 7 | 173 | 1,017 | Australia |
| Huahine | 16.72°S/151.10°W | 335 | 3.15 ± 1.95 | 7 | 75 | 669 | Australia |
| Moorea | 17.57°S/150.00°W | 190 | 2.25 ± 1.20 | 7 | 142 | 1,207 | Australia |
| Tahiti | 17.35°S/149.30°W | 100 | 1.75 ± 0.75 | 7 | 1,040 | 2,241 | Australia |
| Austral Islands | |||||||
| Rimatara | 22.67°S/153.42°W | 1445 | 25.1 ± 4.9 | 7 | 18 | 95 | Australia |
| Rurutu | 22.47°S/151.33°W | 1325 | 12.8 ± 0.3 | 7 | 24 | 390 | Australia |
| Tubuai | 23.38°S/149.45°W | 1115 | 12.3 ± 8.1 | 7 | 45 | 402 | |
| Raivavae | 23.86°S/147.67°W | 935 | 7.5 ± 5.7 | 7 | 18 | 437 | |
| Rapa | 26.60°S/144.33°W | 435 | 5.0 ± 4.1 | 7 | 40 | 650 | South America |
| Hawaiian Islands | |||||||
| Kauai | 22.50° N/159.50° W | 500 | 4.7–5.2 | 7 | 1,435 | 1,598 | North America |
| Oahu | 21.50° N/157.95° W | 353 | 3.4–2.2 | 7 | 1,583 | 1,227 | North America |
| Molokai | 21.15° N/157.00° W | 268 | 1.8–1.3 | 7 | 678 | 1,515 | North America |
| Lanai | 0.85° N/156.95° W | 250 | 1.50 | 7 | 358 | 1,027 | North America |
| Maui | 20.75° N/156.25° W | 210 | 1.3–0.8 | 7 | 1,903 | 3,052 | North America |
| Hawaii | 19.50° N/155.50° W | 79 | 0.2–0.6 | 7 | 10,434 | 4,169 | North America |
| Galapagos Islands | |||||||
| Espanola | 1.38° S/89.67° W | 205 | 3.0–3.5 | 7 | 60 | 206 | South America |
| San Cristobal | 0.87° S/89.44° W | 215 | 2.4–4.0 | 7 | 557 | 730 | South America |
| Santa Cruz | 0.62°S/ 90.37°W | 110 | 1.1–2.3 | 7 | 986 | 864 | South America |
| Floreana | 1.31° S/90.43° W | 125 | 1.5–2.3 | 7 | 173 | 640 | South America |
| Santiago | 0.26° S/90.72° W | 90 | 0.8–1.4 | 7 | 572 | 905 | South America |
| Isabela | 0.83° S/91.14° W | 20 | 0.5–0.8 | 7 | 4,670 | 1,707 | South America |
| Fernandina | 0.41° S/91.48° W | 20 | 0.03–0.07 | 7 | 642 | 1,476 | South America |
| Canary Islands | |||||||
| Lanzarote | 29.05° N/13.59° W | 420 | 15.50 | 1.2 | 846 | 670 | Africa |
| Fuerteventura | 28.40° N/14.01° W | 370 | 20.00 | 1.2 | 1,660 | 812 | Africa |
| Gran Canaria | 27.92° N/ 15.55° W | 220 | 14–16 | 1.2 | 1,560 | 1,949 | Africa |
| Tenerife | 28.29° N/ 16.63° W | 150 | 11.6–7.5 | 1.2 | 2,034 | 3,718 | Africa |
| La Gomera | 28.10° N/ 17.22° W | 105 | 11 ± 9 | 1.2 | 370 | 1,487 | Africa |
| La Palma | 28.71° N/ 17.91° W | 50 | 2.00 | 1.2 | 708 | 2,426 | Africa |
| El Hierro | 27.73° N/ 18.02° W | 10 | 1.10 | 1.2 | 269 | 1,501 | Africa |
| Azores Islands | |||||||
| São Miguel | 37.78° N/ 25.50° W | 156 | 4.01 | 759 | 1,105 | Europe | |
| Pico | 38.46° N/ 28.32° W | 0 | 0.25 | 446 | 2,351 | Europe | |
| Terceira | 38.72° N/ 27.22° W | 100 | 3.52 | 403 | 1,021 | Europe | |
| São Jorge | 38.67°N/ 28.12°W | 17 | 0.55 | 246 | 1,053 | Europe | |
| Faial | 38.59° N/ 28.70° W | 7 | 0.73 | 173 | 1,043 | Europe | |
| Flores | 39.45° N/ 31.19° W | 160 | 2.16 | 143 | 886 | Europe | |
| Santa Maria | 36.98° N/ 25.11° W | 240 | 8.12 | 97 | 587 | Europe | |
| Graciosa | 39.05° N/ 28.01° W | 30 | 2.5 | 62 | 402 | Europe | |
| Corvo | 39.70° N/ 31.11° W | 168 | 0.71 | 17 | 718 | Europe |