Table 1.

Revised transcription error rates of E. coli

Sample	A→C	A→G	A→U	C→A	C→G	C→U	G→A	G→C	G→U	U→A	U→C	U→G	Overall error rate
Minimal media; midlog phase 1	3.66 × 10−6 (2.42 × 10−6)	3.81 × 10−6 (2.49 × 10−6)	2.34 × 10−6 (1.87 × 10−6)	4.49 × 10−6 (2.60 × 10−6)	1.63 × 10−6 (1.14 × 10−6)	3.50 × 10−5 (2.17 × 10−5)	4.81 × 10−6 (2.72 × 10−6)	2.86 × 10−6 (1.52 × 10−6)	5.39 × 10−6 (3.17 × 10−6)	2.97 × 10−6 (2.00 × 10−6)	3.41 × 10−6 (1.62 × 10−6)	2.75 × 10−6 (1.85 × 10−6)	7.31 × 10−5 (4.51 × 10−5)
Minimal media; midlog phase 2	5.20 × 10−6 (3.27 × 10−6)	7.04 × 10−6 (2.08 × 10−6)	5.20 × 10−6 (2.38 × 10−6)	5.32 × 10−6 (3.38 × 10−6)	1.86 × 10−6 (8.45 × 10−7)	1.76 × 10−5 (1.01 × 10−5)	4.01 × 10−6 (5.07 × 10−7)	5.88 × 10−6 (3.80 × 10−6)	3.37 × 10−5 (1.60 × 10−5)	5.55 × 10−6 (3.17 × 10−6)	5.85 × 10−6 (2.85 × 10−6)	5.85 × 10−6 (3.80 × 10−6)	1.03 × 10−4 (5.22 × 10−5)
Minimal media; stationary phase 1	1.52 × 10−6 (5.85 × 10−7)	3.5 × 10−6 (2.5 × 10−6)	2.13 × 10−6 (1.17 × 10−6)	4.83 × 10−6 (3.59 × 10−6)	2.41 × 10−6 (1.38 × 10−6)	6.01 × 10−5 (3.48 × 10−5)	9.80 × 10−6 (4.38 × 10−6)	2.12 × 10−6 (5.16 × 10−7)	9.01 × 10−6 (6.45 × 10−6)	4.03 × 10−6 (1.62 × 10−6)	8.36 × 10−6 (5.82 × 10−6)	3.41 × 10−6 (2.59 × 10−6)	1.11 × 10−4 (6.49 × 10−5)
Minimal media; stationary phase 2	2.96 × 10−6 (1.56 × 10−6)	6.90 × 10−6 (2.67 × 10−6)	3.28 × 10−6 (2.90 × 10−6)	6.72 × 10−6 (3.58 × 10−6)	3.80 × 10−6 (1.90 × 10−6)	1.08 × 10−5 (4.21 × 10−6)	7.19 × 10−6 (5.11 × 10−6)	5.47 × 10−6 (2.27 × 10−6)	6.04 × 10−6 (3.97 × 10−6)	5.43 × 10−6 (3.56 × 10−6)	6.78 × 10−6 (2.61 × 10−6)	4.41 × 10−6 (2.61 × 10−6)	6.98 × 10−5 (3.70 × 10−5)
Complex media; midlog phase 1	3.01 × 10−6 (1.53 × 10−6)	2.59 × 10−6 (1.45 × 10−6)	2.26 × 10−6 (1.37 × 10−6)	3.61 × 10−6 (2.25 × 10−6)	1.40 × 10−6 (6.01 × 10−7)	4.71 × 10−5 × (3.5 × 10−5)	5.15 × 10−6 (2.82 × 10−6)	2.72 × 10−6 (1.66 × 10−6)	6.33 × 10−6 (3.90 × 10−6)	3.17 × 10−6 (2.23 × 10−6)	2.40 × 10−6 (1.61 × 10−6)	3.17 × 10−6 (2.14 × 10−6)	8.29 × 10−5 (5.21 × 10−5)
Complex media; midlog phase 2	6.55 × 10−6 (3.40 × 10−6)	5.53 × 10−6 (3.00 × 10−6)	4.91 × 10−6 (2.40 × 10−6)	7.66 × 10−6 (4.83 × 10−6)	6.02 × 10−6 (2.71 × 10−6)	1.39 × 10−5 (7.73 × 10−6)	5.88 × 10−6 (2.08 × 10−6)	5.51 × 10−6 (2.95 × 10−6)	8.26 × 10−6 (4.17 × 10−6)	4.77 × 10−6 (2.33 × 10−6)	5.81 × 10−6 (2.97 × 10−6)	8.92 × 10−6 (4.67 × 10−6)	8.37 × 10−5 (4.33 × 10−5)
Complex media; stationary phase 1	3.48 × 10−6 (1.78 × 10−6)	2.32 × 10−6 (9.59 × 10−7)	2.03 × 10−6 (8.22 × 10−7)	3.79 × 10−6 (2.69 × 10−6)	1.57 × 10−6 (1.7 × 10−6)	3.49 × 10−5 (2.11 × 10−5)	6.18 × 10−6 (2.88 × 10−6)	2.57 × 10−6 (1.75 × 10−6)	4.25 × 10−6 (2.01 × 10−6)	2.17 × 10−6 (1.81 × 10−6)	3.56 × 10−6 (2.47 × 10−6)	2.48 × 10−6 (1.48 × 10−6)	6.93 × 10−5 (4.08 × 10−5)
Complex media; stationary phase 2	4.25 × 10−6 (2.10 × 10−6)	4.49 × 10−6 (3.03 × 10−6)	4.01 × 10−6 (9.32 × 10−7)	7.60 × 10−6 (3.85 × 10−6)	1.95 × 10−6 (9.7 × 10−7)	1.22 × 10−5 (7.94 × 10−6)	4.6 × 10−6 (2.26 × 10−6)	3.63 × 10−6 (2.67 × 10−6)	8.33 × 10−6 (2.46 × 10−6)	4.45 × 10−6 (2.76 × 10−6)	5.20 × 10−6 (3.51 × 10−6)	5.44 × 10−6 (3.26 × 10−6)	6.56 × 10−5 (3.57 × 10−5)
Mean error rate	3.83 × 10−6 (2.08 × 10−6)	4.46 × 10−6 (2.22 × 10−6)	3.27 × 10−6 (1.73 × 10−6)	5.50 × 10−6 (3.35 × 10−6)	2.58 × 10−6 (1.32 × 10−6)	2.89 × 10−5 (1.73 × 10−5)	5.88 × 10−6 (2.85 × 10−6)	3.85 × 10−6 (2.14 × 10−6)	1.02 × 10−5 (5.26 × 10−6)	4.07 × 10−6 (2.44 × 10−6)	5.17 × 10−6 (2.93 × 10−6)	4.55 × 10−6 (2.80 × 10−6)	8.23 × 10−5 (4.63 × 10−5)

Error rates in parentheses indicate the originally reported error rate.