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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Pharm Des. 2016;22(14):2152–2159. doi: 10.2174/1381612822666160127114237

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Cholinergic signaling pathways in lung cancers. Diagram of pathways for cholinergic signaling and potential points where signaling can be interrupted. Choline is taken into cells; acetylcholine (ACh) synthesized by the action of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), packaged and secreted to interact with nAChR and mAChR receptors on the same or neighboring cells. Muscarinic and nicotinic receptors can also be activated by ACh from neighboring or distal sources. Nicotinic receptors can be activated by nicotine and up- or down-regulated by both membrane bound ly-6 proteins such as lynx1 or lynx2 or secreted ly-6 proteins such as slurp-1.