Table 3. Parameter estimates for parallel process latent growth analyses.
Parameter estimates for each class in model when including (A) internalizing and externalizing symptoms (Aim 1) and (B) when including harsh parenting in addition to internalizing and externalizing symptoms (Aim 2a).
| Class | A. | B. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Internalizing | Externalizing | Internalizing | Externalizing | Harsh Parenting | ||
|
|
||||||
| Normative | Intercept | 0.318 | 0.634 | 0.312 | 0.606 | 0.222 |
|
| ||||||
| CI | [.273, .364] | [.562, .706] | [.265, .358] | [.526, .685] | [.193, .251] | |
|
| ||||||
| Slope | −0.037 | −0.069 | −0.036 | −0.066 | 0.008 | |
| CI | [−.046, −.028] | [−.081, −.057] | [−.045, −.028] | [−.077, −.055] | [.002, .015] | |
|
| ||||||
| N | 3204 | 3004 | ||||
|
| ||||||
| Resilient | Intercept | 0.606 | 1.125 | 0.542 | 1.061 | 0.338 |
|
| ||||||
| CI | [.535, .677] | [1.029, 1.220] | [.470, .613] | [.947, 1.174] | [.306, .369] | |
|
| ||||||
| Slope | −0.064 | −0.125 | −0.057 | −0.117 | 0.005 n.s. | |
|
| ||||||
| CI | [−.079, −.049] | [−.143, −.107] | [−.070, −.044] | [−.136, −.099] | [−.003, .012] | |
|
| ||||||
| N | 1013 | 1189 | ||||
|
| ||||||
| Severe | Intercept | 0.531 | 1.011 | 0.599 | 1.092 | 0.312 |
|
| ||||||
| CI | [.389, .672] | [.842, 1.180] | [.431, .766] | [.835, 1.349] | [.262, .362] | |
|
| ||||||
| Slope | 0.03 | −0.032 | 0.016 n.s. | −0.049 | 0.014 | |
|
| ||||||
| CI | [<.001, .060] | [−.064, −.001] | [−.014, .045] | [−.085, −.014] | [.005, .024] | |
|
| ||||||
| N | 165 | 190 | ||||
CI = 95% confidence intervals. Slopes significantly different from zero (p < .05) are indicated in bold, n.s. = slope not significantly different from zero (i.e., steady).