A. Schematic representation of the PKC domains. For conventional and novel PKCs, four distinct domains are C1, C2, C3 and C4 and five variable regions are V1, V2, V3, V4 and V5. PS is the pseudosubstrate domain. B, Structure of the phorbol ester-bound PKCδC1B (PDB ID: 1PTR). C, Ribbon representation of the structure of the full-length PKCβII (PDB ID: 3PFQ), comprising the C1B domain (red), C2 domain (cornflower blue), kinase domain (cornflower blue) and NFD helix (green).