Table 1.
Demographic information about Schizophrenia patients (SCZ) and healthy controls (HC).
| SCZ | HC | |
|---|---|---|
| n. | 23 | 23 |
| Age (mean ±SD) | 33.78 ± 6.33 | 31.91 ± 9.18 |
| Male sex, (n° – %) | 17–73.91 | 20–86.96 |
| Right handedness, (n° – %) | 20–86.96 | 21–91.30 |
| Body Mass Index (BMI), Kg/m2 (mean ±SD) | 24.31 ± 2.31 | 23.27 ± 2.54 |
| Heart Rate (HR), bpm (mean ±SD) | 86.48 ± 16.21 | 76.72 ± 15.59 |
| Diagnosis | ||
| Schizophrenia paranoid subtype, (n° – %) | 20–86.95 | n.a. |
| Schizoaffective disorder, (n° – %) | 3–13 | n.a. |
| Illness duration, year (mean ±SD) | 9.22 ± 3.61 | n.a. |
| Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II disorders (SCID-II) | ||
| Cluster A, (n° – %) | 2–8.69 | n.a. |
| Cluster B, (n° – %) | 2–8.69 | n.a. |
| Cluster C, (n° – %) | 2–8.69 | n.a. |
| Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) (mean ±SD) | 46.70 ± 7.60 | n.a. |
| Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) total score (mean ±SD) | n.a. | 49.44 ± 9.05 |
| Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia (PANSS) | ||
| Positive Scale (P) (mean ±SD) | 22.17 ± 8.16 | n.a. |
| Prevalence of Positive symptoms (n° – %) | 10–43.48 | n.a. |
| Delusions (mean ±SD) | 3.65 ± 1,70 | n.a. |
| Conceptual disorganization (mean ±SD) | 2.78 ± 1.28 | n.a. |
| Hallucinatory behavior (mean ±SD) | 2.74 ± 1.54 | n.a. |
| Excitement (mean ±SD) | 3.00 ± 1.62 | n.a. |
| Grandiosity (mean ±SD) | 3.09 ± 1.70 | n.a. |
| Suspiciousness/persecution (mean ±SD) | 3.87 ± 1.58 | n.a. |
| Hostility (mean ±SD) | 3.04 ± 1.64 | n.a. |
| Negative Scale (N) (mean ±SD) | 25.74 ± 7.65 | n.a. |
| Prevalence of Negative symptoms (n° – %) | 13–56.52 | n.a. |
| General Psychopathology Scale (G) (mean ±SD) | 53.39 ± 12.42 | n.a. |
| Composite Scale (mean ±SD) | -3.57 ± 10.45 | n.a. |
| Total (mean ±SD) | 101.30 ± 22.38 | n.a. |
| State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-I) (mean ±SD) | 47.23 ± 14.95 | 34.43 ± 7.49 ∗ |
| Chlorpromazine Equivalent, mg/die (mean ±SD) | 389.77 ± 762.35 | n.a. |
| Intelligent Quotient (mean ±SD) | 101.83 ± 13.10 | n.a. |
| Atypical antipsychotic | ||
| Risperidone, (n° – %) | 3–13.04 | n.a. |
| Olanzapine, (n° – %) | 7–30.43 | n.a. |
| Quetiapine, (n° – %) | 1–4.34 | n.a. |
| Ziprasidone, (n° – %) | 1–4.34 | n.a. |
| Aripiprazole, (n° – %) | 4–17.39 | n.a. |
Numbers may not add to total due to missing data or rounding. n.a., not available; ∗p < 0.05.