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. 2016 Apr 13;116(1):183–190. doi: 10.1152/jn.01011.2015

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Modulation of cutaneous reflexes in tibialis anterior (TA) muscle following tibial nerve (TIB), forefoot-medial (f-M), forefoot-lateral (f-L), and heel (HL) regional stimulation during walking. A: full-wave-rectified and -averaged electromyography (EMG) recordings from TA during 4 km/h walking on a treadmill. EMG recordings were obtained after subtracting background EMG from nonstimulated walking cycles. The walking cycle was divided into 16 phases and described from top to bottom (e.g., phase 1: initiation of a walking cycle; phase 16: end of walking cycle). From left to right, EMG recordings were obtained following TIB, f-M, f-L, and HL stimulation. Grand means of changes in amplitudes of (B) background (BG) EMG and (C) middle latency response (MLR) in TA muscle following stimulation at 4 different sites across 16 walking phases (n = 12). Vertical (A) and horizontal (C) black, solid lines, stance phase; vertical (A) and horizontal (C) gray, dashed lines, swing phase; numbers next to the vertical line (A), bin numbers in the walking cycle; black, dashed line (C), baseline of reflex amplitude (0 level) after subtraction of EMG traces during unstimulated cycles. EMGmax, maximum value of the mean amplitude of the full-wave-rectified TA EMG.