Table 5.
The influence of Adiponectin, RBP4, and 25(OH)D levels on NK cell responses does not outweigh sex effect.
| Model | Unstandardized coefficients |
Standardized coefficients | t | Sig. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | Std. error | Beta | ||||
| Dependent Variable: % CD107a on K562-stimulated CD56dimNK cells | ||||||
| 1 | (Constant) | 17.971 | 1.324 | 13.574 | .000 | |
| Sex | −4.232 | 1.836 | −.316 | −2.305 | .026 | |
| 2 | (Constant) | 18.462 | 2.324 | 7.944 | .000 | |
| Sex | −4.400 | 1.965 | −.328 | −2.240 | .030 | |
| Adiponectin | −.023 | .089 | −.038 | −.258 | .797 | |
| Dependent Variable: % CD107a on K562-stimulated CD56dimNK cells | ||||||
| 1 | (Constant) | 17.971 | 1.324 | 13.574 | .000 | |
| Sex | −4.232 | 1.836 | −.316 | −2.305 | .026 | |
| 2 | (Constant) | 9.696 | 8.085 | 1.199 | .236 | |
| Sex | −4.814 | 1.918 | −.359 | −2.510 | .016 | |
| RBP4 | .181 | .174 | .148 | 1.037 | .305 | |
| Dependent Variable: % CD107a on K562-stimulated CD56dimNK cells | ||||||
| 1 | (Constant) | 17.417 | 1.329 | 13.106 | .000 | |
| Sex | −3.942 | 1.860 | −.301 | −2.120 | .040 | |
| 2 | (Constant) | 19.254 | 3.337 | 5.770 | .000 | |
| Sex | −4.332 | 1.982 | −.331 | −2.185 | .034 | |
| 25(OH)D | −.048 | .080 | −.091 | −.601 | .551 | |
| Dependent Variable: % IFN-γ positive on NKp46-stimulated CD56dimNK cells | ||||||
| 1 | (Constant) | 11.182 | 1.354 | 8.255 | .000 | |
| Sex | −3.870 | 1.878 | −.285 | −2.060 | .045 | |
| 2 | (Constant) | 9.594 | 2.362 | 4.061 | .000 | |
| Sex | −3.327 | 1.997 | −.245 | −1.666 | .102 | |
| Adiponectin | .074 | .090 | .121 | .822 | .415 | |
| Dependent Variable: % IFN-γ positive on NKp46-stimulated CD56dimNK cells | ||||||
| 1 | (Constant) | 11.182 | 1.354 | 8.255 | .000 | |
| Sex | −3.870 | 1.878 | −.285 | −2.060 | .045 | |
| 2 | (Constant) | 22.885 | 8.185 | 2.796 | .007 | |
| Sex | −3.047 | 1.942 | −.224 | −1.569 | .123 | |
| RBP4 | −.256 | .176 | −.207 | −1.449 | .154 | |
| Dependent Variable: % IFN-γ positive on NKp46-stimulated CD56dimNK cells | ||||||
| 1 | (Constant) | 11.433 | 1.409 | 8.112 | .000 | |
| Sex | −3.862 | 1.972 | −.280 | −1.958 | .056 | |
| 2 | (Constant) | 9.147 | 3.534 | 2.589 | .013 | |
| Sex | −3.377 | 2.099 | −.245 | −1.609 | .115 | |
| 25(OH)D | .060 | .084 | .108 | .706 | .484 | |
| Dependent Variable: % MIP-1β positive on unstimulated CD56dimNK cells | ||||||
| 1 | (Constant) | 6.849 | .591 | 11.591 | .000 | |
| Sex | −2.395 | .819 | −.389 | −2.923 | .005 | |
| 2 | (Constant) | 6.766 | 1.038 | 6.520 | .000 | |
| Sex | −2.367 | .877 | −.384 | −2.697 | .010 | |
| Adiponectin | .004 | .040 | .014 | .097 | .923 | |
| Dependent Variable: % MIP-1β positive on unstimulated CD56dimNK cells | ||||||
| 1 | (Constant) | 6.849 | .591 | 11.591 | .000 | |
| Sex | −2.395 | .819 | −.389 | −2.923 | .005 | |
| 2 | (Constant) | 10.902 | 3.600 | 3.028 | .004 | |
| Sex | −2.110 | .854 | −.342 | −2.470 | .017 | |
| RBP4 | −.089 | .078 | −.158 | −1.141 | .260 | |
| Dependent Variable: % MIP-1β positive on unstimulated CD56dimNK cells | ||||||
| 1 | (Constant) | 6.877 | .615 | 11.186 | .000 | |
| Sex | −2.277 | .860 | −.367 | −2.647 | .011 | |
| 2 | (Constant) | 5.671 | 1.537 | 3.689 | .001 | |
| Sex | −2.021 | .913 | −.326 | −2.213 | .032 | |
| 25(OH)D | .031 | .037 | .126 | .857 | .396 | |
| Dependent Variable: % MIP-1β positive on K562-stimulated CD56dimNK cells | ||||||
| 1 | (Constant) | 35.617 | 2.380 | 14.965 | .000 | |
| Sex | −7.917 | 3.300 | −.327 | −2.399 | .020 | |
| 2 | (Constant) | 32.893 | 4.152 | 7.922 | .000 | |
| Sex | −6.985 | 3.510 | −.289 | −1.990 | .052 | |
| Adiponectin | .127 | .158 | .116 | .802 | .427 | |
| Dependent Variable: % MIP-1β positive on K562-stimulated CD56dimNK cells | ||||||
| 1 | (Constant) | 35.617 | 2.380 | 14.965 | .000 | |
| Sex | −7.917 | 3.300 | −.327 | −2.399 | .020 | |
| 2 | (Constant) | 30.912 | 14.684 | 2.105 | .041 | |
| Sex | −8.247 | 3.484 | −.341 | −2.367 | .022 | |
| RBP4 | .103 | .316 | .047 | .325 | .747 | |
| Dependent Variable: % MIP-1β positive on K562-stimulated CD56dimNK cells | ||||||
| 1 | (Constant) | 34.600 | 2.336 | 14.812 | .000 | |
| Sex | −7.871 | 3.269 | −.338 | −2.408 | .020 | |
| 2 | (Constant) | 31.242 | 5.863 | 5.328 | .000 | |
| Sex | −7.158 | 3.483 | −.307 | −2.055 | .046 | |
| 25(OH)D | .088 | .140 | .093 | .625 | .535 | |
| Dependent Variable: % MIP-1β positive on NKp46-stimulated CD56dimNK cells | ||||||
| 1 | (Constant) | 54.117 | 4.426 | 12.226 | .000 | |
| Sex | −13.494 | 6.138 | −.302 | −2.198 | .033 | |
| 2 | (Constant) | 46.187 | 7.645 | 6.041 | .000 | |
| Sex | −10.781 | 6.464 | −.242 | −1.668 | .102 | |
| Adiponectin | .369 | .291 | .184 | 1.268 | .211 | |
| Dependent Variable: % MIP-1β positive on NKp46-stimulated CD56dimNK cells | ||||||
| 1 | (Constant) | 54.117 | 4.426 | 12.226 | .000 | |
| Sex | −13.494 | 6.138 | −.302 | −2.198 | .033 | |
| 2 | (Constant) | 105.250 | 26.274 | 4.006 | .000 | |
| Sex | −9.899 | 6.233 | −.222 | −1.588 | .119 | |
| RBP4 | −1.117 | .566 | −.276 | −1.973 | .054 | |
| Dependent Variable: % MIP-1β positive on NKp46-stimulated CD56dimNK cells | ||||||
| 1 | (Constant) | 52.922 | 4.529 | 11.686 | .000 | |
| Sex | −11.005 | 6.337 | −.251 | −1.737 | .089 | |
| 2 | (Constant) | 48.312 | 11.393 | 4.241 | .000 | |
| Sex | −10.027 | 6.768 | −.228 | −1.482 | .146 | |
| 25(OH)D | .120 | .272 | .068 | .442 | .661 | |
| Dependent Variable: % MIP-1β positive on IL-15-stimulated CD56dimNK cells | ||||||
| 1 | (Constant) | 63.646 | 3.149 | 20.213 | .000 | |
| Sex | −10.688 | 4.367 | −.333 | −2.448 | .018 | |
| 2 | (Constant) | 62.546 | 5.528 | 11.315 | .000 | |
| Sex | −10.312 | 4.673 | −.321 | −2.207 | .032 | |
| Adiponectin | .051 | .211 | .035 | .243 | .809 | |
| Dependent Variable: % MIP-1β positive on IL-15-stimulated CD56dimNK cells | ||||||
| 1 | (Constant) | 63.646 | 3.149 | 20.213 | .000 | |
| Sex | −10.688 | 4.367 | −.333 | −2.448 | .018 | |
| 2 | (Constant) | 58.325 | 19.434 | 3.001 | .004 | |
| Sex | −11.062 | 4.611 | −.345 | −2.399 | .020 | |
| RBP4 | .116 | .419 | .040 | .278 | .783 | |
| Dependent Variable: % MIP-1β positive on IL-15-stimulated CD56dimNK cells | ||||||
| 1 | (Constant) | 63.191 | 3.173 | 19.917 | .000 | |
| Sex | −8.766 | 4.440 | −.282 | −1.974 | .054 | |
| 2 | (Constant) | 62.584 | 7.998 | 7.825 | .000 | |
| Sex | −8.637 | 4.751 | −.278 | −1.818 | .076 | |
| 25(OH)D | .016 | .191 | .013 | .083 | .934 | |
Multivariate analysis of sex-specific NK cell responses. Each dependent variable (NK cell response) was compared with the independent variable, sex (Model 1, Pearson correlation), or with sex along with other independent variables, either adiponectin, RBP4, or 25(OH)D (vitamin D) plasma levels (Model 2, multiple linear regression). For scoring purposes, males=1; females=0. Therefore, a negative correlation with sex indicates stronger responses in women than in men. 25(OH)D levels were not available for 1 female and 2 male subjects. Therefore, the significance (Sig.) of the correlation between sex and the NK cell response is different than when adiponectin and RBP4 effects are analyzed. The value of the unstandardized coefficient (B) reflects the amount of change in the predicted preference ranking. Using the standardized coefficient (Beta), interpretations are based on the standard deviation (SD) of the variable. Each standardized coefficient (Beta) indicates the number of SD that the dependent variable changes for a 1 SD change in the independent variable, the other independent variable remaining constant. For both B and Beta, the higher the absolute value (positive or negative), the greater the effect of the given independent variable on the dependent variable. For example, in the first table (Model 2), the absolute value of B and Beta for Sex was significantly greater than B and Beta for Adiponectin, indicating that Sex had a stronger (inverse) correlation with the NK cell response than did Adiponectin. Significant values (as determined by Pearson correlation, Model 1, and multiple linear regression, Model 2) are shown in bold print.