Figure 1.

A typical CALM pattern expressed as percentage duration of a single cardiac cycle, gated to the R‐spike of the concurrently recorded ECG. Positive deflections indicate movement in the anterograde direction (i.e., in the direction of blood flow), whereas negative deflections indicate movement in the retrograde direction (i.e., in the direction of the left ventricle). Point A represents the onset of the first deflection in the retrograde direction. Point B represents the onset of the first anterograde movement. Point C represents the peak anterograde displacement. Point D represents the peak retrograde displacement. Dashed lines represent interpolated ±1 SD.